Effects of a Sibship Extension to Foster Children on Children's School Enrolment: A Sibling Rivalry Analysis for Indonesia

In this paper, we question whether and how the sibship extension to foster children, a common practice in many developing countries, affects children's school enrolment status. Based on Indonesian data, we show that children's school enrolment increases with the number of foster grandchildren in their sibship. Given that grandchildren fostering is associated with positive transfers from biological to host parents, this result reflects either a release of liquidity constraints in the host household or the uncommon preferences of host grandparents. Conversely, the proportion of other foster children in a sibship does not have any effect. The latter result's explanation depends on the reason children other than grandchildren are fostered.     

Trajectory Classes of Relational and Physical Bullying Victimization: Links with Peer and Teacher-Student Relationships and Social-Emotional Outcomes

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Bullying victimization is a prevalent problem in upper elementary school that predicts various detrimental outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests that...     

The Formation of the Custodian and Settlement Infrastructure of the Russian Financial Market

The functioning of institutions of the financial markets and their interaction with a view to implementation of the main objectives of the market is provided by one of the constituent elements of the market, namely, the infrastructure of the securities market. The Russian securities market is going through a crucial point and provides a central post-trading infrastructure. In this paper, the author defines the notion of custodian and settlement infrastructure of the financial market, analyzes the modern state of this sub-sector of the financial market, and formulates problems of development of the custodian and settlement institutions of the Russian financial market, in particular in connection with the entry into force of the federal law ＂On the Central Depositary＂. The author defines the place and role of the Central Depositary and its impact oh the level of development of the market in general and the formation of the machine in Russia, at the same time, it shows the world experience in building custodian and settlement systems and the integration of the Russian custodian and settlement infrastructure and global stock architecture.     

Study of the diagnostic value of iron in fresh water drowning

The aim of our study was to test the diagnostic value of iron (Fe) in fresh water drowning by investigating the postmortem levels of hemodilution in drowning cases compared to control cases. Twenty-six typical fresh water drowning cases were selected from 128 immersion cases autopsied in our Department of Forensic Pathology between 1998 and 2004. The exclusion criteria were a long postmortem interval and other causes of death than drowning. For all selected cases, the diagnosis of drowning was based on the presence of autopsy findings and positive diatom test. A control population of 12 cases was also selected. For each drowning and control case, iron blood levels were measured in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) of the heart. The mean difference of iron concentration (RVFe-LVFe) between the drowning group and the control group was statistically compared. Furthermore, iron measurements were performed in 19 drowning cases showing advanced putrefaction. The mean difference of iron concentration was significantly higher in the drowning cases compared with controls (P<0.001). All drowning cases showed hemodilution. No overlap was found in the RVFe-LVFe levels between the two groups. Resuscitation attempts seemed to have no effect on the results. In cases of drowning showing advanced putrefaction, the iron test was not reliable because biochemical iron measurement was often prevented by no sufficient blood in the heart or postmortem clots. In conclusion, according to our results, iron seems to be a good biochemical marker in fresh water drowning with a short postmortem interval.     

Does Public Policy Crowd Out Private Contributions to Public Goods

It is sometimes claimed that individuals' contributions topublic goods are not motivated by economic costs and benefitsalone, but that people also have a moral or norm-basedmotivation. A number of studies indicate that such moral ornorm-based motivation might be crowded out, or crowded in, bypublic policy. This paper discusses some models that can yieldinsight into the interplay between economic and moral ornorm-based motivation for voluntary contributions to publicgoods, and compares their policy implications. We distinguishbetween five types of models: Altruism models, social normmodels, fairness models, models of commitment and thecognitive evaluation theory.