Preventing juvenile sexual offending through parental monitoring: a comparison study of youth’s experiences of supervision

ABSTRACT

The parental monitoring literature has long observed a link between parental monitoring and juvenile antisocial behaviour. This study extends this line of research to juveniles who commit sexual abuse. The present study investigates whether juvenile reports of parental monitoring differ between juvenile sexual offenders (n?=?338), juvenile delinquents (n?=?346), and non-incarcerated juvenile controls (n?=?256). Results indicate that both incarcerated groups reported significantly less parental knowledge compared to juvenile controls. Further, both juvenile sexual offenders and juvenile controls reported significantly more parental control compared to juvenile delinquents. With regard to parental solicitation, the results were mixed for sexual offenders. They reported high levels of solicitation for some items (e.g. what the youth was doing, who they were with), and lower levels for other items (e.g. where the youth was, whether an adult would be present). When repeating these analyses with the exclusion of non-parent caregivers, a similar pattern of results emerged; however, item-level analyses revealed that parents of juvenile delinquents reported certain types of solicitation and control behaviours more frequently (e.g. asked where the youth was going, made sure the rules were followed) compared to findings from the main sample. Potential explanations for these findings as well as practical implications for prevention are discussed.     

Book reviews,etc.

Welfare Law and Order. By P. Alcock and P. Harris. [Macmillan Press. 1982. xvi and 219 pp. (inc. index). £5.95.]

Law of Child Care. By B. I. Slomnicka. [Macdonald & Evans. 405 pp. (inc. index). £9.95.]

Swift v. Greenshire County Council, Q.B.D. [Audio‐Visual Department, London University. 40 minutes. Sales prices: (VHS or Sony U‐Matic video cassette + 10 copies of the accompanying documents). Educational institutions in the U.K.: £95 + postage and V.A.T. Government bodies: £150 + postage and V.A.T. Others: £250 + postage and V.A.T. Additional copies of the documents: £2.50 each.

The Sunday Times Case

[Audio‐Visual Centre, University of Warwick. 1981. 16mm colour film. 30 minutes £260 or (hire) £20 for one day + £5 for each day thereafter; video version: £60 + cost of cassette.]

Criminal Procedure. Third edition. By Celia Hampton. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1982. lxi and 472 pp. (inc. index). £16.50 (hardback); £8.95 (paperback).]

The Police in Society. By Ben Whitaker. [Sinclair Browne. 1982. 331 pp. (inc. index). £4.95 (paperback).]

Hanbury and Maudsley's Modern Equity. Eleventh edition. By R. H. Maudsley and Jill E. Martin. [Stevens. 1981. cvi and 796 pp. (inc. index). £27.50 (cloth); £16.50 (paperback).]

Company Law. By Kenneth Smith & D. J. Keenan. Fourth edition. [Pitman, x and 506 pp. (inc. index). £7.50.]

Company Law. By M. C. Oliver. Eighth edition. [Macdonald & Evans. xxx and 386 pp. (inc. index). £3.95.]

Cases in Company Law. Third edition. By M. C. Oliver. I Macdonald & Evans. xv and 396 pp. (inc. index). £4.95.]

Rent Acts and Regulations Amended and Annotated. By J. T. Farrand and A. Arden. Second edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1981. xl and 435 pp. (inc. index). £16.50.]

‘O’ Level English Law. By D. M: M. Scott. Fourth edition. [Butterworths. 1981. xvi and 269 pp. (inc. index). £4.95 (paperback).]

‘O’ Level Law. By W. J. Brown. Second edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1982. xiv and 227 pp. (inc. index). £4.75 (paperback).]

Danish Law. A General Survey. Edited by Gammeltoft Hansen, Bernhard Gomard and Allan Philip. [G.E.C. Gads, Copenhagen. 395 pp., no index.]     

Injunctive and reverse settlements in competition-blocking litigation

We distinguish standard settlements, in which the status quo is preserved, and injunctive settlements, which prohibit the defendant’s activity. The reverse (payment) settlement is a special type of injunctive settlement. We examine the divergence between private and social incentives to settle and policies that would minimize socially undesirable injunctive and reverse settlements (e.g., banning reverse settlements). The results are applied to competition-blocking litigation, such as patent infringement and antidumping.     

A token operation: 204 military mission to China, 1941–1945

History of the Second World War: The War against Japan. Vol. II. H.M. Stationery Office. Pp. 519. Maps and Index. 55s.

The Pathans. By Olaf Caroe. Macmillan. 1958. Pp. 521 and xii. Maps; illustrations; appendix; index. 60s.

A Person from England: and Other Travellers to Turkestan. By Sir Fitzroy Maclean. Jonathan Cape. 1958. Pp. 384. Illustrations; map; bibliography. 21s.

The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia. By Laurence Lockhart. Cambridge: at the University Press. 1958. 8vo, cloth. Pp. xiii + 584. 10 plates; 6 maps and plans. 70s.

Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist. By Philip Magnus. John Murray. 1958. 8¾” × 5¾”. Pp.410. Index; maps; illustrations. 30s.

Egyptt. By Tom Little. Ernest Benn. 1958. Pp. 321. Map. 30s.

Alexander's Path. By Freya Stark. John Murray. 1958. Pp. 283. Ind.; app.; maps; ill. 30s.

Avicenna: His Life and Works. By Soheil M. Afnan. George Allen and Unwin. 1958. Pp. 298. 30s.

A History of Modern Burma. By John F. Cady. Ithaca New York: Cornell University Press. 1958. Pp. 682. Bibliography and index.

Mazdur: Labor Problems in the Industrialization of India. By Charles A. Myers. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Pp. 297.

India Changes. By Taya Zinkin. Chatto and Windus. Pp. 234. 28s.

The Time of the Mango Flowers. By Roderick Cameron. Heinemann. Pp. 308. Index; illustrations. 30s.

An Economic Geography of East Pakistan. By Nafis Ahmad. Oxford University Press. Pp. 325. 50s.

Frontier Doctor. By Sir Henry Holland. Hodder and Stoughton. Pp. 256. Index; ill.; maps. 25s.

Moscow‐Peking Axis: Strengths and Strains. By Howard L. Boorman, Alexander Eckstein, Philip E. Moseley and Benjamin Schwarz. Foreword by Arthur H. Dean. Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Harper and Brothers. New York. 1957. Pp. 231.

The Soviet Far East. By Erich Thiel. Translated by A. and R. M. Rookwood. Methuen. Pp. 388. Bibliography; index; 38 maps. 30s.

Syria and the Lebanon Under French Mandate. By S. H. Longrigg. Oxford University Press. 1958. Pp. xii × 404. Index; 3 maps. 42s.

Iraq. By Brigadier Stephen Longrigg and Frank Stoakes. Ernest Benn Ltd. Pp. 256. Appendices; map; index. 27s.

Tensions in the Middle East. Edited by Philip W. Thayer. Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins Press. London : Oxford University Press. Pp. 332. Index; map. 35s.

British Interests in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Report by a Study Group of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Published for the Royal Institute of International Affairs by the Oxford University Press. Pp. 123. 12s. 6d.

Doubts and Dynamite: The Middle East Today. By Emile Bustani. Published by Allan Wingate. Pp. 159. Map. 18s.

The Middle East. A Political and Economic Survey. Edited by Sir Reader Bullard. Oxford University Press. Pp. 569. Appendices; maps; index. 45s.

Muhammad and the Islamic Tradition. By E. Dermenghem. Longmans (Men of Wisdom). 191 pp. 111. 1958. 6s.

Islam—The Straight Path. (Islam interpreted by Muslims.) Edited by Kenneth W. Morgan. The Ronald Press, New York. 1958. Pp. 453. End‐paper map. $6.

A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture. By K. A. C. Creswell. Peguin Books. Pp. xvi + 330, with 72 plates and 64 text figures. 7¼” × 4½” 8s. 6d.

Malay. By Norton Ginsbury and Chester F. Roberts, Jnr. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 1958. Appendices; maps; plans; bibliography; index.

Temiar Jungle. By John Slimming. Published by John Murray. Pp. 176. Ill. 18s.

The Opium War through Chinese Eyes. By Arthur Waley. George Allen and Unwin. 21s. Pp. 257. Index.

Catalogue of Translation from the Chinese Dynastic Histories for the Period A.D. 220–960. Compiled by Hans Frankel. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. Pp. 295. $4.50.

Hazor I. An Account of the First Season of Excavations, 1955 (The James A. de Rothschild Expedition at Hazor). By Yigael Yadin and others. The Magnes Press of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1958. Distributed in Great Britain by the Oxford University Press, London. Pp. xxiv‐160. Plates clxxxiv including 13 plans). 8 guineas.

The Mahdist State in the Sudan. By P. M. Holt. Oxford. 1958. Pp. vii + 247. Index; bibliography; maps. 35s.

A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush. By Eric Newby. Secker and Warburg. London. 1958. Pp. 247. Illustrations; maps. 25s.

Adventurer's Eye. By Tom Stobart. Published by Odhams Press, Ltd. Pp. 256. Ill. Index. 21s.     

Britain,France, and America's Year of Europe, 1973

Britain's entry into the European Community in 1973 coincided with an American initiative aimed at redefining relations between the United States and Western Europe. This confronted British diplomats with a serious dilemma. They wished to maintain close collaboration with Washington and, for the sake of European unity, to expand on their recently achieved reconciliation with France, a country whose Gaullist elite rejected any further institutionalization of transatlantic relations. French reluctance to engage in a constructive dialogue with the Americans resulted in a fractious debate over the drafting of two seemingly innocuous declarations, and this was exacerbated by the mixed response of the Europeans to the outbreak of the fourth Arab–Israeli war and the ensuing energy crisis. Finally, at the Washington energy conference of February 1974, the British chose to work with the Americans, rather than the French, in seeking to mitigate the economic impact of OPEC's oil policies.     

Review essay: Confronting sexual exploitation in sport

Abstract

Spoilsports: Understanding and preventing sexual exploitation in sport C.H. Brackenridge London, Routledge, 2001. 304pp ISBN 0 419 25770 5 (hbk). £60.00, ISBN 0 419 25780 2 (pbk), £19.99

The Dome of Silence: Sexual harassment and abuse in sport S. Kirby, L. Greaves and O. Hanhivsky Halifax, NS, Fernwood Books/London, Zed Books, 2000, 175pp. ISBN 1 85649 963 4 (hbk) £36.95, 1 85649 962 6 (pbk), £12.95

Sexual Harassment in Sport: Issues, impact, and challenges K. Volkwein-Caplan and G. Sankaran Aachen, Germany, Meyer & Meyer, ISBN 1 84126 059 2, (pbk), £12.95, 126pp     

Visualisation of fingermarks and grab impressions on dark fabrics using silver vacuum metal deposition

Vacuum metal deposition (VMD) involves the thermal evaporation of metal (silver) in a vacuum, resulting in a uniform layer being deposited on the specimen being treated. This paper examines the use of silver on dark fabrics, thus offering a simpler operation and more obvious colouration to that of the traditional use of gold and zinc metals which must be evaporated separately. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fabric type, donor, mark age and method of fingermark deposition on the quality of marks visualised using silver VMD. This was achieved by collecting fingermark deposits from fifteen donors, of both sexes and various ages, by a grab or a press method. Four different fabrics: satin, polyester, polycotton and cotton were studied over a 10 day timeline of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 28 + days. It was found that satin and polyester gave the most positive results, with polyester often producing excellent ridge detail. Cotton and polycotton were less successful with no ridge detail being observed. The donors also had an observable effect on the results obtained probably due to variations in secretions produced or pressures applied during specimen collection. The age of the mark or the method of mark deposition had little influence on the results obtained. Silver VMD is a viable process for visualising marks on certain dark fabrics and has the advantage over gold/zinc VMD in that the marks visualised are light in colour which contrasts well against the dark background.