D7S817,D18S865位点的群体遗传学研究

目的　调查D7S817、D18S86 5两个STR位点的遗传多态性 ,获得群体遗传学基本数据。　方法　采用PCR和PAG垂直电泳技术、银染显色方法。结果　D7S817位点在成都汉族群体中发现 9个等位基因 ,2 3种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .738,个人识别机率为 0 .931。在甘肃东乡族群体中发现 8个等位基因 ,2 0种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .75 2 ,个人识别机率为 0 .917。D18S86 5位点在成都汉族群体中发现 7个等位基因 ,17种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .72 ,个人识别机率为 0 .90 6 ;在甘肃东乡族群体中发现 6个等位基因 ,15种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .814,个人识别机率为 0 .898。基因型频率分布符合Hardy -Weinberg平衡定律。等位基因频率的分布在 2个群体之间无显著性差异。　结论　D7S817、D18S86 5位点的扩增效率高 ,重复性好 ,个人识别能力强 ,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定应用中有较高的价值。     

State and Non-State Alliances in the Middle East

Proxy relationships between non-state challengers and their external state patrons in the Middle East are a factor that can weaken regional stability as non-state proxies become both a tool and a decisive factor in shaping inter-state competition between regional powers. As a result, non-state actors with regional influence must increasingly be factored into policy decisions in military, diplomatic and legal terms.     

Hope in Context: Developmental Profiles of Trust,Hopeful Future Expectations,and Civic Engagement Across Adolescence

Hopeful expectations for the future have been shown to play an important role in the positive development of youth, including youth contributions to society. Although theory and some research suggest that familial socialization may influence future-oriented cognitions, little work has focused on the possible interrelation of parent–child relationships and the development of hope, particularly during adolescence. Accordingly, the first goal of this study was to identify developmental profiles of youth with respect to hopeful future expectations (HFE) and parental trust across adolescence. Next, we explored whether these developmental trajectories were related to youth Contribution, indexed by community leadership, service, and helping attitudes and behaviors. We used growth mixture modeling to simultaneously examine trajectories of adolescents’ perceived connections with parents (indexed by parent trust) and HFE among 1,432 participants (59 % female) from Waves 3 through 6 (Grades 7 through 10) of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. A four-profile model provided the best fit to the data, with the following profiles: Moderate HFE/U-shaped Trust; Moderate HFE/Increasing Trust; Both Decreasing; and Both High Stable profiles. We then explored whether hope-trust profiles were related to youth Contribution in Wave 7. Contrary to hypotheses, results indicated that the profile reflecting the greatest discrepancy in HFE and trust across early to middle adolescence (i.e., Moderate Hope/U-shaped Trust) was associated with the highest mean Contribution scores. The implications of the findings for future theory and research are discussed.     

En-Gendering the Sublime: Aesthetics and Politics in the Eighteenth Century

In this essay I expand on the analysis of the en-gendered sublime, an aesthetic concept of political consequence used in the eighteenth century. In a discussion of the initial phase of modern aesthetics I will present Immanuel Kant's opinions on the sublime's ennobling effect as having solely male connotations. This, I argue, became an important part of the construction of a new notion of citizenship on the basis of nationality and as an exclusively male domain. Furthermore, I will claim that conceptions of the “bad” sublime, as expressed by thinkers such as Edmund Burke, made up another side of this ennobling sublimity coin, which was the politically provocative defined in female terms. Aesthetics has obviously walked hand-in-hand with politics ever since Plato's Republic, and the concept of the sublime only make up a small part of this complex union—but undeniably a rather interesting one.     

Tale of Transgression: Charlie and the Representation of Female Homosexuality in Interwar Sweden

The first Swedish novel with a female homosexual protagonist, Charlie, was published in 1932, and this essay focuses on an analysis of three topoi in it, namely “the unveiling of a secret”, “the triangle of desire”, and “the scene at the mirror”. These topoi correspond to prevalent cultural representations of female homosexuality in the interwar period, under the headings of the three Ms: Masculinity, Mothering, and Mirrors, respectively. The main points of reference in the analysis are taken from sexology, psychoanalysis, and Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness, but it is argued that the narrative of Charlie transcends the restraining categories and normative classifications it presents.     

‘Between Slavery and Freedom’: the expulsion and enslavement of free women of colour in the US South before the Civil War

For free black women in the pre-Civil War American South, the status offered by ‘freedom’ was uncertain and malleable. The conceptualization of bondage and freedom as two diametrically opposed conditions therefore fails to make sense of the complexities of life for these women. Instead, notions of enslavement and freedom are better framed as a spectrum. This article develops this idea by exploring two of the ways in which some black women negotiated their status before the law—namely though petitioning for residency or for enslavement. While these petitions are atypical numerically, and often offer tantalizingly scant evidence, when used in conjunction with evidence from the US census, it becomes clear that these women were highly pragmatic. Prioritizing their spousal and broader familial affective relationships above their legal status, they rejected the often theoretical distinction between slavery and liberation. As such, the petitions can be used to reach broader conclusions about the attitudes of women who have left little written testimony.