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181.
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183.
Allele frequencies for seven STRs loci were obtained from a sample of 215 unrelated healthy Italian individuals. 相似文献
184.
James Austin Marino A. Bruce Leo Carroll Patricia L. McCall Stephen C. Richards 《Critical Criminology》2001,10(1):17-41
The past two decades have produceda profound increase in imprisonment in theUnited States, resulting in a prison populationof two million and expenditures of over $35billion annually on corrections, while otherimportant government services are underfunded. Imprisonment is highest for minority maleslargely because of the War on Drugs, which hasalso dramatically increased the incarcerationof women and created nearly 1.5 millionchildren having a parent incarcerated. Inresponse to this trend, the American Society ofCriminology (ASC) directed the ASC NationalPolicy Committee (NPC) to draft a policy paperon the incarceration issue. This articleexplains the main ideas, themes, andrecommendations of the full policy paper. Itanalyzes the sources and effects of theincreased use of imprisonment, drawingattention to the negative effects of excessiveincarceration. The paper and itsrecommendations reflect a concern that the ASCneeds to set a research agenda that isindependent of the federal government andconventional wisdom. The NPC hopes this paperwill stimulate a healthy and much overduedebate on the role of the ASC in public policyin general, and the merits of widespreadincarceration in particular. 相似文献
185.
The cause of mental disorders such as depression remains unknown. However, the idea that neurotransmitter imbalances cause
depression is vigorously promoted by pharmaceutical companies and the psychiatric profession at large. We examine media reports
referring to this chemical imbalance theory and ask reporters for evidence supporting their claims. We then report and critique
the scientific papers and other confirming evidence offered in response to our questions. Responses were received from multiple
sources, including practicing psychiatrists, clients, and a major pharmaceutical company. The evidence offered was not compelling,
and several of the cited sources flatly stated that the proposed theory of serotonin imbalance was known to be incorrect.
The media can play a positive role in mental health reporting by ensuring that the information reported is congruent with
the peer-reviewed scientific literature.
相似文献
Jonathan LeoEmail: |
186.
Evidence from twin, adoption, and family studies suggests that there is strong aggregation of suicidal behaviors in some families. By comparison, the role of social modeling through peers has yet to be convincingly established. This paper uses data from four large studies (the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour, the WHO/SUPRE-MISS, the CASE study, and the Queensland Suicide Register) to compare the effects of exposure to fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior in family members and nonfamilial associates on the subsequent suicidal behavior of male and female respondents of different ages. Across all studies, we found that prior suicidal behaviors among respondents' social groups were more important predictors of suicidal behavior in the respondents themselves than previous research had indicated. Community-based suicide attempters in the WHO SUPRE-MISS had higher rates of exposure to prior suicide in nonfamilial associates than in family members. In an adolescent population, exposure to prior fatal suicidal behavior did not predict deliberate self-harm when exposure to nonfatal suicidal behavior (both familial and social) were controlled for, but exposure to nonfatal suicidal behaviors in family and friends was predictive of deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation, even after controlling for exposure to fatal suicidal behavior. The potential impact of "containment" of information regarding suicidal behaviors as a prevention initiative is discussed, in light of information behavior principles of social marketing. 相似文献
187.
Saul M. Kassin Steven A. Drizin Thomas Grisso Gisli H. Gudjonsson Richard A. Leo Allison D. Redlich 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(1):3-38
Reviewing the literature on police-induced confessions, we identified suspect characteristics and interrogation tactics that
influence confessions and their effects on juries. We concluded with a call for the mandatory electronic recording of interrogations
and a consideration of other possible reforms. The preceding commentaries make important substantive points that can lead
us forward—on the effects of videotaping of interrogations on case dispositions; on the study of non-custodial methods, such
as the controversial Mr. Big technique; and on an analysis of why confessions, once withdrawn, elicit such intractable responses
compared to statements given by child and adult victims. Toward these ends, we hope that this issue provides a platform for
future research aimed at improving the diagnostic value of confession evidence. 相似文献
188.
Stefania Turrina Giulia Filippini Luciana Caenazzo Domenico De Leo 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):21-22
Short amplicon autosomal short tandem repeat (Mini-STR) assay has proved to be a highly useful tool in forensic applications, especially for highly degraded DNA samples that typically result in partial profiles and total loss of information from regular STR amplicons.In this study two new quadruplex systems were designed to get nuclear DNA profile from degraded forensic casework samples. In order to obtain PCR products less than 120 bp in size, primer pairs of eight STR markers, included in available commercially multiplex PCR kits, were redesigned and assembled in two PCR-multiplexes: D8S1179, D3S1358, TPOX, D16S539 and CSF1P0, TH01, D13S317, D5S818.After validation, these two Mini-STR quadruplex were employed in paternity testing case that involved DNA extraction from archival postmortem Bouin's fluid-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue where commercial kit yielded low success. The results obtained with the present Mini-STR PCR-multiplexes proved clearly demonstrating their usefulness in analyzing degraded DNA samples. 相似文献
189.
Patrice Flynn Martcia Wade John Holahan 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1997,16(2):219-236
Individual states are actively weighing health care reform proposals and their potential impacts on many levels, including states' own economies. This article considers the effects on state economies of two instruments of health reform: employer mandates and cost containment. The literature suggests that an employer mandate will reduce employees' wages in the long run. In the short run, however, to compensate for the costs associated with mandated health care insurance for their employees, firms may raise their prices to consumers, reduce the number of employees or allow a drop in profit margins. By increasing health care spending and the number of insured persons, mandates would also increase states' levels of economic activity. Though cost containment may dampen the stimulative effects of expanded coverage, resources not spent on health care as a result of effective cost containment might be redistributed to other sectors in a state's economy. 相似文献
190.
Brent Snook Todd Barron Laura Fallon Saul M. Kassin Steven Kleinman Richard A. Leo Christian A. Meissner Lorca Morello Laura H. Nirider Allison D. Redlich James L. Trainum 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2021,26(1):1-24
The current article presents a series of commentaries on urgent issues and prospects in reforming interrogation practices in Canada and the United States. Researchers and practitioners, who have devoted much of their careers to the field of police and intelligence interrogations, were asked to provide their insights on an area of interrogation research that they believe requires immediate attention. The submitted independent commentaries covered a variety of topics – from police recruitment, interrogation training, use of proper interrogation practices, and the treatment of confession evidence in court. Common concerns from the contributions pertained to the lag between scientific knowledge on interrogations and the application of such knowledge in the justice system, and the glaring disparity between the treatment of similar issues in the interrogation context versus other criminal justice contexts. A primary intent of this collection of commentaries is to serve as a resource pointing researchers in the direction of the fundamental areas that require immediate consideration and encouraging them to simultaneously pursue solutions to the overarching concerns that emerged from this project. 相似文献