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41.
42.
We use US county level data from 1970 to 1998 to explore the relationship between economic growth and government employment at three levels: federal, state and local. Increases in federal, state and local government employments are all negatively related to economic growth. We find no evidence that government is more efficient at lower levels. While we cannot separate out the productive and redistributive services of government, we document that the county-level income distribution became slightly more unequal from 1970 to 1998. We conclude that a release of government-employed labor inputs to the private sector would be growth-enhancing. 相似文献
43.
Roger Levy 《Public administration》2000,79(2):423-444
Measuring the performance of public services and programmes is now a generally accepted part of the scenery of public management. In practice, it is often honoured more in the breach than the observance owing to well-known technical and epistemological problems. In the absence of reliable performance data, normative assumptions may prevail on policy makers and managers alike which are at variance with objective reality.
The critique and attempted reform of EU programme management is often based on such assumptions. This paper attempts to provide an empirical and epistemological basis to the judgment of EU programme management by identifying appropriate performance indicators, collecting data on them from audit reports over a 20-year period and constructing a methodology for analysis. Criteria for reliable sources and the effect of intervening variables on the results are discussed.
The paper reviews the evidence of the aggregate data collected for the five major EU spending areas, and suggests some conclusions questioning both commonly held assumptions about, and models for, the reform of EU programme management. 相似文献
The critique and attempted reform of EU programme management is often based on such assumptions. This paper attempts to provide an empirical and epistemological basis to the judgment of EU programme management by identifying appropriate performance indicators, collecting data on them from audit reports over a 20-year period and constructing a methodology for analysis. Criteria for reliable sources and the effect of intervening variables on the results are discussed.
The paper reviews the evidence of the aggregate data collected for the five major EU spending areas, and suggests some conclusions questioning both commonly held assumptions about, and models for, the reform of EU programme management. 相似文献
44.
Death of a worker occurred after ingestion of unknown amounts of Nicotiana glauca G leaves. The leaves were cooked after having been mistakenly considered to be spices of a type which grow in Thailand. After ingestion, two Thai workers collapsed, one with asystolia. Resuscitation efforts were successful only for one of the victims. A GC/MS method was used for the identification of anabasine as the main constituent in the leaves, food extract, blood, and the urine of the deceased. Lacking a standard, it was necessary to interpret the GC/MS spectrum to identify anabasine and establish its presence. 相似文献
45.
Jack S. Levy 《Political science quarterly》2002,117(4):697-698
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Yagil Levy 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2009,22(1):69-82
Israeli society has changed its attitude to the sacrifice of life in war, a change that is reflected in the bereavement discourse.
Attitudes have shifted from the unquestioned justification of military losses prior to the First Lebanon War (1982) to the
emergence of an antiwar bereavement discourse after the war and during the South Lebanon war of attrition that followed it.
More recently, following the Al-Aqsa Intifada and the Second Lebanon War (2006), a discourse that accepts losses has emerged.
While the retreat from the hegemonic discourse prior to the First Lebanon War is explained by the changing attitudes to military
sacrifice among the social elites, the latter shift took place in parallel with the alteration of the social composition of
the Israeli Defence Force. It is argued that the social composition of the military affects the level of sensitivity to losses.
While secular upper-middle class groups tend to show a high level of sensitivity to war losses, which they then translate
into a subversive bereavement discourse, religious and peripheral groups with a hawkish agenda are more tolerant of military
losses, or, alternatively, may seek to avoid excessive casualties by improving the military’s performance or the quality of
the political directives.
相似文献
Yagil LevyEmail: |
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In New Jersey, conversations within a statewide antiviolence initiative stimulated the idea to begin interviewing local repeat offenders to uncover the root of their criminal trajectories. Capturing the life histories of recidivists provides a rich understanding of how these individuals entered and remained in a criminal lifestyle. Employing qualitative methods, 20 men and women were interviewed in a local county jail and asked to describe numerous aspects of their lives that may have contributed to their criminal outcome. Similarities and differences are described between and among the men and women. 相似文献