论民主执政及其在现实中国的本质要求

在现代政党政治条件下,民主执政指的是特定国家合法存在的政党依照民主原则、程序和制度的要求,介入并执掌、运作国家政权.民主执政的内涵极其丰富.至少可以从思想理念、制度文化、政治实践三个层面来理解和把握.民主作为其核心理念,是普遍性与特殊性的统一.民主执政的基本精神和价值取向体现了人类追求政治文明进步的共有成果,其对任何国家的执政党及其执政活动都具有普遍的指导和规制价值.民主执政是中国共产党执政的本质要求,在我国现实国情、党情条件下,民主执政的根本要求是坚持为人民执政,靠人民执政,支持和保证人民当家作主.     

中亚国家政治风险量化分析

本文采用量化分析的方法,初步建立中亚国家政治风险量化分析模型,对比分析2008年与2012年政治风险变化,试图定量分析当前中亚存在的政治风险及对未来走势进行预判。本文认为,当前中亚政治风险总体呈上升趋势,但升幅不大;未来中亚发生"街头政治"的可能性增加;中亚国家的社会问题比较严重;乌兹别克斯坦风险形势变化大,其稳定受到挑战;吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦呈"高风险、高稳定"特点,吉未来发生族际冲突、反对派势大、强力冲击政府的可能性将逐年增加;乌兹别克斯坦与塔吉克斯坦之间可能发生低烈度武装冲突;阿富汗北部的乌伊运和费尔干纳谷地的宗教极端势力将威胁地区安全。     

论海外派遣劳动者保护立法

外派劳工作为全球化下一个新的劳工问题,具有跨国性特点.因诸多原因的影响,外派劳工劳动权益得不到保障,其地位低下,缺乏基本的社会保障,政治上不享有接受国国民的政治权利,特别是外派劳工无法成立自己的工会.因此,应当加强对外派劳工的立法保护,这既是当代国际劳工运动的新课题,也是国际国内劳工立法的新内容.     

"Do you want somebody treating your sister like that?": qualitative exploration of how African American families discuss and promote healthy teen dating relationships

The article discusses a study conducted between December 2007 and March 2008 that involved 19 gender-stratified focus groups with African American parents and adolescents from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, to explore the process and content of parent-adolescent communication about sex. Discussions about intimate partner violence (IPV) and healthy relationships emerge inductively as critical topics in these conversations. The authors use a grounded theory approach to content analysis to identify and organize themes related to discussions on these topics. A total of 125 participants from 52 families are recruited for the study. Family history of child sexual abuse often motivates discussions. Mothers are described as the primary parent discussing sexual issues with children. Fathers primarily role model ideal male partnership behavior for sons and daughters. Parents seek to prevent daughters from experiencing sexual abuse or emotional manipulation by partners and focus on instilling a sense of responsibility to and respect for romantic partners in sons. Parents prioritize and express the need for tools to influence their adolescent's socialization as romantic partners. Mothers and fathers approach this process differently. Family-focused interventions to prevent unhealthy relationships can build on parent's efforts.     

论政府信息公开的“例外”

政府信息公开的例外是建立在政府公开信息为原则的基础之上的,它从反向界定和落实政府信息公开制度。确定例外的实质是协调公民知情权与其它重要法益之间的冲突,旨在有效地保障政府信息公开制度的运作。例外通常包括国家秘密、行政需要、商业机密和个人隐私等。行政复议、行政诉讼、特别救济是保障公民合法信息公开申请遭到拒绝的救济途径。     

Concordance study between the AmpFlSTR MiniFiler PCR amplification kit and conventional STR typing kits

The AmpFlSTR MiniFiler polymerase chain reaction amplification kit developed by Applied Biosystems enables size reduction on eight of the larger STR loci amplified in the Identifiler kit, which will aid recovery of information from highly degraded DNA samples. The MiniFiler Kit amplifies CSF1PO, FGA, D2S1338, D7S820, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, and D21S11 as well as the sex-typing locus amelogenin. A total of 1308 samples were evaluated with both the MiniFiler and Identifiler STR kits: 449 African American, 445 Caucasian, 207 Hispanic, and 207 Asian individuals. Full concordance between Identifiler and MiniFiler Kits was observed in 99.7% (10,437 out of 10,464) STR allele calls compared. The 27 differences seen are listed in Table 1 and encompass the loci D13S317 (n = 14) and D16S539 (n = 10) as well as D18S51 (n = 1), D7S820 (n = 1), and CSF1PO (n = 1). Genotyping discrepancies between the Identifiler and MiniFiler kits were confirmed by reamplification of the samples and further testing using the PowerPlex 16 kit in many cases. DNA sequence analysis was also performed in order to understand the nature of the genetic variations causing the allele dropout or apparent repeat unit shift.     

A distinct Y-STR haplotype for Amelogenin negative males characterized by a large Y(p)11.2 (DYS458-MSY1-AMEL-Y) deletion

The use of STR multiplexes with the incorporated gender marker Amelogenin is common practice in forensic DNA analysis. However, when a known male sample shows a dropout of the Amelogenin Y-allele, the STR system falsely genotypes it as a female. To date, our laboratory has observed 18 such cases: 12 from our Y-STR database and six from casework. A study on 980 male individuals in the Malaysian population using the AmpFlSTR Y-filer has revealed a distinct Y-chromosome haplotype associated with the Amelogenin nulls. Our results showed that whilst the Amelogenin nulls were noticeably absent among the Chinese, both the Indians and Malays exhibited such mutations at 3.2 and 0.6%, respectively. It was also found that the Amelogenin negative individuals predominantly belonged to the J2e lineage, suggesting the possibility of a common ancestor for at least some of these chromosomes. The null frequencies showed concordance with the data published in Chang et al. [Higher failures of Amelogenin sex test in an Indian population group, J. Forensic Sci. 48 (2003) 1309-1313] on a smaller Malaysian population of 338 males which used a Y-STR triplex. In the current study, apart from the absence of the Amelogenin Y-locus, a complete absence of the DYS458 locus in all the nulls was also observed. This study together with the 2003 study has indicated a similar deletion region exists on the Y(p)11.2 band in all the 18 Y-chromosomes. Using bioinformatics, this deletion has been mapped to a region of at least 1.13 Mb on the Y(p)11.2 encompassing the Amelogenin, MSY1 minisatellite and DYS458 locus. Further, the Y-filer haplotypes revealed an additional null at Y-GATA H4 in two of the Indian males presented here.     

AutoMate Express™ forensic DNA extraction system for the extraction of genomic DNA from biological samples

Abstract: The AutoMate Express? Forensic DNA Extraction System was developed for automatic isolation of DNA from a variety of forensic biological samples. The performance of the system was investigated using a wide range of biological samples. Depending on the sample type, either PrepFiler? lysis buffer or PrepFiler BTA? lysis buffer was used to lyse the samples. After lysis and removal of the substrate using LySep? column, the lysate in the sample tubes were loaded onto AutoMate Express? instrument and DNA was extracted using one of the two instrument extraction protocols. Our study showed that DNA was recovered from as little as 0.025 μL of blood. DNA extracted from casework‐type samples was free of detectable PCR inhibitors and the short tandem repeat profiles were complete, conclusive, and devoid of any PCR artifacts. The system also showed consistent performance from day‐to‐day operation.     

Consumers’ choices, infringements and market competition

The study fits the individuals?? characteristics of consumption into an analysis of the demands for both genuine goods and counterfeit goods. The consumers?? substitutability of genuine goods for counterfeits and attitudes toward a dispersed consumption of counterfeit varieties are the dimensions that affect the niche markets for counterfeits. We show that it is not necessary to increase the competition among counterfeits to reduce the demand for individual counterfeits if at the margin the variety of counterfeits enhances the value of consuming the good. The enforcements against counterfeiting deter the number of counterfeit firms, but encourage the output of individual counterfeits if the market includes a significant number of counterfeiters. The optimal private enforcement against counterfeiting is also fully discussed in the model.     

高效液相色谱法测定卡西酮

目的建立卡西酮的高效液相色谱检测方法。方法采用UPLC-DAD分析方法。分析柱:Agilent ZorbaxSB-Phenyl柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为三氟乙酸(pH 3.5)∶乙腈为85∶15,流速0.2mL/min,检测波长254nm。结果卡西酮在0.5～1 000μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好R2=0.999 4,日内与日间保留时间和峰面积的标准偏差(RSD)均<1.06%,检出限为0.068μg/mL,平均回收率95.9%。结论本方法峰形好,分离度好,线性范围良好,回收率高,适用于刑事案件中卡西酮的定性定量分析。