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981.
David B. Estell Thomas W. Farmer Matthew J. Irvin Jana H. Thompson Bryan C. Hutchins Erin M. McDonough 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):477-487
The transition to high school has been identified as a potentially difficult time in adolescents’ lives. Reductions in both
academic and social functioning often accompany this transition. While these effects have been documented in urban youth,
the move to high school has not been extensively studied in rural minority youth. Toward that end, the academic grades and
substance use in ninth grade of 447 (184 male and 263 female) African-American adolescents from two rural counties in a state
in the deep South were examined in relation to configurations of adaptation from sixth through eighth grade. Results indicate
that individual with consistently positive patterns across middle school had higher grades and lower rates of substance use
compared to individuals with persistent difficulties or those that transitioned to problem behavior. Many individuals who
improved in their patterns of adaptation had relatively high grades, but also rather high rates of substance use in the ninth
grade.
David B. Estell is an assistant professor of educational psychology at Indiana University Bloomington. He received his PhD
in Developmental Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research interests include peer
relations and the development of aggression.
Thomas W. Farmer is an associate professor of education at Pennsylvania State University and director of the National Research
Center on Rural Education Support. He received his PhD in Special Education from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
His major research interests include peer relations and the development of aggression in students with and without special
needs.
Matthew J. Irvin is a research scientist at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. He received his PhD in Educational Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research
interests include resilience and student engagement.
Jana H. Thompson is a research associate at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. Her research interests include peer social relations and developmental transitions into early adolescence.
Bryan C. Hutchins is a research assistant at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. He is also a graduate student in the Educational Psychology, Measurement, and Evaluation Program at UNC. His research
interests include child and adolescent social development and school based emotional and behavioral interventions and prevention
programs.
Erin M. McDonough is currently a doctoral candidate in School Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Emory University. As a research assistant at the Center for Developmental
Science, she has been able to explore her interests in student achievement as well as rural education. Another major research
interest of hers is school-based mental health. 相似文献
982.
983.
984.
Ana C. Brown Sharlene A. Wolchik Jenn-Yun Tein Irwin N. Sandler 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(7):927-938
Appraisals about the implications of stressful events that are evaluated as involving a threat to self (negative self-evaluation,
negative evaluation from others, rejection by others) have been shown to place youth at risk for the development of mental
health problems. This longitudinal study tested a protective-stabilizing interactive model, in which high maternal acceptance
was predicted to mitigate the prospective relation between threat to self appraisals and change in adolescents’ mental health
problems six months later. Participants were 89 adolescents from divorced families ages 10–12 and residential mothers. Adolescents
reported on threat to self appraisals from the most stressful event experienced in the past month. Mothers and youth reported
on maternal acceptance and mental health problems. Multiple regression analyses provided support for the protective effects
of maternal acceptance on adolescents’ mental health problems. Intervention implications are discussed.
Ana Brown is a pre-doctoral fellow in prevention research (NIMH 2 T32 MH18387–19) and doctoral student in the Department of
Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Research interests include the study of children’s appraisals and responses
to stressful events in the prevention of mental health problems.
Sharlene Wolchik is a clinical psychologist and professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe,
AZ. Her research focuses on identifying risk and protective factors for children whose parents have divorced. She also has
designed and evaluated the efficacy of preventive interventions for children from divorced families and children who have
experienced parental bereavement.
Jenn-Yun Tein is a research associate professor and Co-Director of the Research Methodology Core of the Prevention Research
Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research interests include analyses of mediation and moderation of preventive
interventions as well as applications of methodology and statistics in prevention research.
Irwin Sandler is a Regents’ Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona
State University, Tempe, AZ. His research interests focus on understanding resilience for children exposed to stress and on
the development, evaluation and dissemination of programs to promote resilience and prevent mental health problems for children
in stress. 相似文献
985.
J. M. Mond P. Marks P. J. Hay B. Rodgers C. Kelly C. Owen S. J. Paxton 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(6):753-762
This research examined the “mental health literacy” of adolescents concerning eating-disordered behavior. A vignette describing
a fictional 16-year old female meeting diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa was presented to 522 female high school students,
followed by a series of questions concerning treatment of and treatment-seeking for the problem described. Results indicated
that primary care practitioners, mothers and close female friends were most highly regarded as potential sources of help.
Self-help interventions, including the use of vitamins and minerals, were also highly regarded, whereas participants were
less positive about the benefits of mental health specialists and ambivalent about the use of anti-depressant medication.
Most participants believed that the problem described would be difficult to treat, and that relapse was likely even given
appropriate treatment. An additional finding of note was that among participants with a high level of eating disorder symptoms
(n=36, 6.9%), recognition of an eating problem was poor. We conclude that beliefs likely to be conducive to low and/or inappropriate
treatment-seeking for eating problems may be common among adolescent girls. In addition, the findings suggest that prevention
programs for the eating disorders need to target not only at-risk individuals, but also individuals in their immediate social
environment. 相似文献
986.
Raquel Platero 《Feminist Legal Studies》2007,15(3):329-340
On 30 June 2005, the Spanish Parliament approved Law 13/2005, which amends the Civil Code to permit same-sex marriage. This
formal equality measure put Spain in the spotlight of the international media. It is the culmination of a series of developments
spanning from the last years of the Franco regime (which ended in 1975), through the enactment of anti-discrimination measures
in 1995, to the recent fight for kinship recognition. It also follows a recent shift, from 1998 to 2005, towards the enactment
of same-sex partnership laws at regional level, the approval of same-sex marriage and finally, the approval of a ‹gender identity
law’ (2007). This legislative note assesses the context in which the new law on same-sex marriage has been enacted. I argue
that although same-sex marriage has been represented by many activists and politicians in Spain as a gender neutral contract,
it has the potential for differential impacts on lesbians and gay men, and further research and debates are needed in this
area. 相似文献
987.
988.
Juan Wang 《Journal of Chinese Political Science》2007,12(3):219-236
Based upon a county level analysis, this article explores the complex processes of poverty mis-targeting in China and supplements
the pre-existing literature with a bottom-up analysis. It argues that the rational calculations of key county leaders, shaped
by a combination of formal and informal institutions, determine whether a county, irrespective of poverty level, competes
for the title of “state-designated poorest county (SDPC).” This article also demonstrates that the interaction between formal
and informal institutions is dynamic and subject to change. For future relevant research, this article suggests to analyze
the practice of poverty reduction in a disaggregated manner by examining the interplay within and among different levels of
government.
Juan Wang, a Ph.D candidate in political science at Johns Hopkins University, is the author of “Going beyond Township and
Village Enterprises,” Journal of Contemporary China, Issue 14, Volume 42, (February 2005), pp.171–181. The author is particularly grateful to Kellee Tsai for her valuable suggestions
and support throughout this project. I am indebted to William Rowe, Mark Blyth, Wang Sangui and anonymous reviewers for their
insightful comments. The Institute of Global Studies (IGS) of Johns Hopkins University receives my gratitude for its financial
support of this project. 相似文献
989.
Benjamin K. Sovacool 《Policy Sciences》2007,40(2):101-122
The American electric utility industry is entering a moment of transition. Once viewed as a stable and secure consortium of
publicly regulated monopolies that produce and distribute electricity, the industry has weathered market restructuring only
to face the ever-present risk of natural disasters, price fluctuations, terrorist attacks, and blackouts. This paper uses
five criteria—technical feasibility, cost, negative externalities, reliability, and security—to evaluate the broad portfolio
of energy technologies available to American electricity policymakers. Upon close inspection, energy efficiency practices,
renewable energy systems, and small-scale distributed generation technologies appear to offer many advantages over large and
centralized nuclear and fossil fueled generators. Contrary to the mimetic commentary produced by the media, these three approaches
would present policymakers a superior alternative for curbing electricity demand, minimizing the risk of fuel interruptions
and shortages, helping improve the fragile transmission network, and reducing environmental harm 相似文献
990.
Alan S. Zuckerman 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2007,48(4):633-649
The Social Logic of Politics places social learning at the center of political choice. People develop their political preferences,
knowledge, values, perceptions of ability, and decisions about political behavior in interactions with others, usually members
of their social circles. Political attitudes and goals are not derivatives of exogenous economic preferences. They are not
the results of careful calculations, in which optimization of personal needs guides the mode of reasoning. This theoretical
stance draws sustenance from recent work across the social science, even as it harkens back to established, if neglected principles
of political analysis.
My thanks to Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck for his encouragement and for the critical comments of several anonymous referees and to
Josip Dasović and Jennifer Fitzgerald, my co-authors of Partisan Families: the Social Logic of Bounded Partisanship in Germany
and Britain (Zuckerman et al. 2007). Material from that book appears in this essay. 相似文献