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101.
Louise Dixon Kevin Browne Catherine Hamilton-Giachritsis 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(2):111-122
This study investigates the continuation and discontinuation of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment within
the first 13 months of the child’s life. Differences in risk factors and parenting styles between families who initiate (Initiators), maintain (Maintainers) or break (Cycle Breakers) the intergenerational cycle of child maltreatment are explored in comparison to control families (Controls). One hundred and three Health Visitors were trained to assess risk factors and parenting styles of 4,351 families, at both
4–6 weeks and 3–5 months after birth. Maintainers, Initiators and Cycle Breakers had a significantly higher prevalence for
the majority of risk factors and poor parenting styles than Controls. Protective factors of financial solvency and social
support distinguished Cycle Breakers from Maintainers and Initiators. Therefore, it is the presence of protective factors
that distinguish Cycle Breakers from families who were referred to Child Protection professionals in the first year after
birth. A conceptual, hierarchical model that considers history of abuse, risk and protective factors, in turn, is proposed
to assess families for the potential of child maltreatment. 相似文献
102.
Michelle Louise Wirth 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2009,22(1):83-104
This paper provides a brief explanation and illustration of the phenomenon of semiotics. It then describes the conceptual
tools of semiotics and how lawyers can use semiotics in law to create compelling arguments. Last, the paper applies the tools
of semiotics to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court case Ferguson v. McKiernan, 940 A.2d 1236 (Pa. 2008), to reveal the shift in social context that made the lines of legal reasoning behind the outcome
appear “self-evident.” 相似文献
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108.
Poul Aaes Nielsen Stefan Boye Ann‐Louise Holten Christian Btcher Jacobsen Lotte Bgh Andersen 《Public administration》2019,97(2):413-428
Transformational and transactional leadership strategies have become prominent in public administration research, but it is unclear whether they are compatible or whether they could undermine each other. We examine the combined and interactive effects of transformational and three types of transactional leadership (contingent verbal rewards, material rewards, and sanctions) on employee work motivation, conceptualized as work engagement and intrinsic motivation. Panel analyses using repeated measures of 385 leaders and 3,797 employees show that transformational leadership and contingent verbal rewards increased employee motivation. However, simultaneous use of contingent material rewards undermined the benefits of transformational leadership. Thus, the motivational potential of service‐ or community‐oriented visions was undercut when leaders also appealed to extrinsic material motives. This could help explain why financial incentives do not always have the expected benefits in public organizations. We therefore argue that research and practice should pay more attention to how different leadership strategies work in combination. 相似文献
109.
Maria Doyle Louise Frogner Henrik Andershed Anna-Karin Andershed 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2016,22(1):19-40
Uniformed presence is commonly thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do differently uniformed people contribute to an equal amount of safety and are there situation-dependent differences? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18–86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of situations perceived as relatively safe and unsafe with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with no uniformed presence, two police officers, six police officers, a police vehicle, two security guards, or two police volunteers. Results showed that uniformed presence did not increase feelings of safety in a situation perceived as relatively safe, making patrol unnecessary. In situations perceived as relatively unsafe however, all types of uniformed presence increased feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police contributed to the greatest increase in feelings of safety. Security guards and police volunteers created similar amounts of feelings of safety making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol, making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol. Some situational, gender, and age differences were found. 相似文献
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Policy Sciences - National policy on global health (NPGH) arenas are multisectoral governing arrangements for cooperation between health, development, and foreign affairs sectors in government... 相似文献