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V. Seymour Wilson Willard A. Mullins 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1978,21(4):513-538
Abstract. This paper explores the historical background, logical contours and policy implications of recent attempts by the Government of Canada to achieve the ‘effectively balanced participation’ of francophones in the federal public service. Historically, various crucial events concerning French Canadian participation in the federal bureaucracy are recounted with an eye to understanding both the roots of present policies and the distinctive inherited elements which shape them. Logically, the generic concept ‘representative bureaucracy’ is employed as a prism for shedding light on its Canadian variant, ‘balanced participation’: the logic of representative bureaucracy and the arguments for and against it are explicated, with concern for how these pertain to the Canadian case. Finally, the foregoing historical and logical elements are brought to bear on the question of sociological proportionality in the federal public service, especially as it might involve the use of quotas. It is maintained that sociological heterogeneity in the federal bureaucracy is a positive value, and that recruitment and promotion procedures should strive to attract people with manifold backgrounds, perspectives and talents. The use of legislated quotas, however, is viewed as an inefficacious and potentially destructive means for addressing this task. With respect to the issue of francophone participation specifically, the adoption of legislated quotas would be superficial and anachronistic. 相似文献
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Robert Mullins 《Law and Philosophy》2018,37(4):351-384
Some legal philosophers regard the use of deontic language to describe the law as philosophically significant. Joseph Raz argues that it gives rise to ‘the problem of normativity of law’. He develops an account of what he calls ‘detached’ legal statements to resolve the problem. Unfortunately, Raz’s account is difficult to reconcile with the orthodox semantics of deontic language. The article offers a revised account of the distinction between committed and detached legal statements. It argues that deontic statements carry a Gricean generalized conversational implicature to the effect that the rules in question reflect the speaker’s own commitments. Detached legal statements are made when this implicature is either explicitly cancelled or when the conversational context is sufficient to defeat the implicature. I conclude by offering some tentative reflections on the theoretical significance of deontic language in the law. 相似文献
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Robert Mullins 《Ratio juris》2018,31(1):4-8
I consider a puzzle that arises when the logical principle known as “deontic detachment” is applied to the law. It is not possible to accept the principle of deontic detachment in a legal setting while also accepting that the so‐called “social facts thesis” applies to all legal propositions. According to the social facts thesis, the existence and content of law is determined by the attitudes or practices of legal officials. Abandoning deontic detachment is not an appropriate solution to the problem—the puzzle can be recreated with other plausible closure principles. The problem can be solved by restricting the social facts thesis to legal rules, rather than applying it to all legal propositions. Properly construed the social facts thesis does not apply to facts about what legally ought to be the case. 相似文献
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Laser scanning technology is increasingly being used in forensic anthropological research to obtain virtual data for archival purposes and post hoc measurement collection. This research compared the measurement accuracy of two laser scanners—the FARO Focus3D 330X and the FARO Freestyle3D—against traditionally obtained (i.e., by hand) control data (N = 454). Skeletal data were collected to address a novel question: the ability of laser scanning technology to produce measurements useful for biological characteristic estimation, such as sex and stature. Results indicate that both devices produced measurements very similar to control (c. 3‐mm average absolute error), but also illuminate a tendency to under‐measure. Despite these findings, the virtual data produced sex and stature estimates that varied little from control‐produced estimates, signifying the usefulness of virtual data for preliminary biological identification when the skeletal elements are no longer available for physical analysis. 相似文献
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Larry C. Mullins 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1979,4(2):95-111
This paper reviews existing literature and examines three questions : a) the nature and extent of criminal victimization of
the elderly, b) the impact of crime on the lives of the elderly, and c) suggested crime prevention measures. One finds that
contrary to popular opinion the elderly are less frequently criminally victimized than persons in younger age groups. The
1966 NORC survey, 1972 Denver Victimization Survey, and the 1973 LEAA Survey, all show that the elderly in comparison to younger
age groups are victimized less frequently for most personal crimes. However, there is variability in regard to who among the
elderly are more likely to be victimized. In profile the elderly at highest “risk” are single females who are socially isolated,
have physical or mental impairments, incomes below $3000 per year, and live in or near high crime areas.
Despite the fact that the elderly are less frequently victimized than others their “fear of crime” is greater, and has been
increasing since 1965, than other age groups. Many factors are important in fueling their fear. Some of the more important
concerns are the elderly’s physical and emotional vulnerability, especially in high crime areas, and their isolation (both
socially and self-imposed) from others within a community.
There are, however, efforts being made to further protect the elderly against crimes and to reduce their fear. Several examples
of existing programs established in an effort to ameliorate the problems are specified. Also, suggestions, based on research
findings, are made which could further deter crimes against the elderly and lessen the insidious fear of crime that exists. 相似文献
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To date, internecine violence in the Darfur region of Sudan has claimed the lives of 400,000 civilians (Coalition for International
Justice March 2006); more than 2 million people have been displaced and countless more have been raped, robbed, intimidated
and suffered other depredations of a collapsed social structure. The origins and continued enactment of the conflict is far
more complex than is currently reflected in either the discourse of the Sudanese government or international political actors.
In this paper, the authors present a rich history of the conflicts within the Darfur region of Sudan while drawing upon the
extant state crime literature to both conceptually frame and theoretically illuminate the genocide. Through such an examination,
not only does the paper present a holistic assessment of the multitude of social forces and conditions behind the events,
but also extends the existing literature on both state criminality and genocide.
相似文献
Christopher W. MullinsEmail: |
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