Transnational Partnerships: Conditions for Successful Service Provision in Areas of Limited Statehood

Transnational public–private partnerships (PPPs) are external governance actors in the field of development cooperation and vary in composition, potentially including nonprofit and for‐profit organizations, state and public agencies, and intergovernmental organizations. This article analyzes the conditions under which PPPs have been successful in providing access to basic services (water, sanitation, and food) in areas of limited statehood in Bangladesh, India, and Kenya. We focus on 10 projects carried out by two PPPs that differ in two key respects: legitimacy and institutional design. We show that partnerships with high empirical legitimacy and an appropriate institutional design are best able to fulfill complex tasks in contexts of limited statehood. A participatory approach can promote legitimacy and thus success; projects that lack legitimacy are prone to failure. Additionally, a project's institutional design must address problems that commonly affect areas of limited statehood: It should provide access to resources for capacity development, ensure adequate monitoring, and be tailored to local needs.     

The stability and generalizability of young children's suggestibility over a 44-month interval

Abstract

We discuss a 44-month longitudinal study of the stability of the two-factor Norwegian Book Suggestibility Scale for Children (BSSC; Melinder, Scullin, Gunner?d, & Nyborg, 2005) in a sample of 7-year-old children (M _{Time 2 age}=94 months). Several measures of suggestibility were assessed: yielding to suggestive questions (Yield), shifting answers in response to negative feedback (Shift), the sum of Yield and Shift (Total Suggestibility), and suggestibility in response to open-ended and misleading direct and tag questions about an event experienced 44 months earlier. Results showed a moderate correlation for Total Suggestibility scores over time in spite of marked declines in Yield and Shift. Both Yield and Total Suggestibility were related to children's tendency to respond affirmatively to misleading tag questions about the past event. The two-factor model of suggestibility showed some weakening over time with a positive correlation developing between Yield and Shift.     

Privatization in eight former socialist countries of eastern Europe

The demise of the communism in the former Soviet Union and the satellites of Eastern Europe has created a massive shift in the economies of these countries. The new governments are dedicated to establishing democratic political institutions and free market economies, but are hampered because of lack experience, little investment capital, and inertia of their constituents in the work force Each state is undertaking the changes differently and after approximately three years into the process, it is possible to see more progress in some countries than in others. Here, we present a brief political and economic statement followed by analysis of the privatization process in Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Russia, and Ukraine as of the end of 1992 and early 1993.