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131.
Marilyn Moon 《Social Justice Research》1987,1(3):361-375
Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the aged and disabled, has been subjected to a number of legislative and regulatory changes since 1981 aimed at reducing the costs of the program. About a third of the cutbacks have been in activities that directly increase patient cost sharing. Other changes, while aimed at improving efficiency, may also shift costs onto program beneficiaries. This paper estimates the differential impacts of such program changes by age and income of elderly Medicare enrollees and discusses the likely resulting impact on their access to care. Surprisingly, such equity concerns have been largely overlooked in the policy debate concerning cost containment under Medicare. 相似文献
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Marilyn Lawrence 《Women's studies international forum》1984,7(4):201-209
Anorexia nervosa is often said to be a condition which afflicts mainly middle-class girls. This paper suggests that it is not social class but a high level of educational attainment which is associated with the onset of anorexia.The effect of education is analysed in terms of it's influence on the identity -formation of the young woman. Anorexia can be seen as an attempt to rescue a spoilt identity. 相似文献
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135.
When Loving Means Hurting: An Exploration of Attachment and Intimate Abuse In a Community Sample 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonia?J.?Z.?HendersonEmail author Kim?BartholomewEmail author Shanna?J.?Trinke Marilyn?J.?Kwong 《Journal of family violence》2005,20(4):219-230
Intimate relationship abuse can be understood by considering two critical tenets of attachment. First, attachment fulfills
a basic need for survival. Thus, the tenacity of the attachment bond is independent of relationship quality. Second, individuals
whose attachment needs have been frustrated may strike out violently to regain proximity to the perceived loss of an intimate
partner. We examined how individual differences in attachment were associated with women's and men's relationship abuse. A
telephone survey assessed levels of psychological and physical abuse in 1249 Vancouver residents. Of these, 128 completed
an attachment interview exploring their interpersonal relationships. Hierarchical regressions revealed that attachment variables
contributed significant variance to prediction of both receipt and perpetration of psychological and physical abuse, with
preoccupied attachment acting as an independent predictor. There was no evidence that gender moderated these associations.
The findings suggest that attachment preoccupation in either partner may increase likelihood of abuse in couples. 相似文献
136.
Scott Gates Håvard Hegre Mark P. Jones Håvard Strand 《American journal of political science》2006,50(4):893-908
This article examines how political institutional structures affect political instability. It classifies polities as autocracies or democracies based on three institutional dimensions: election of the executive, constraints on executive decision-making authority, and extent of political participation. It hypothesizes that strongly autocratic and democratic regimes will exhibit the greatest stability resulting from self-enforcing equilibria, whereby the maintenance of a polity's institutional structure is in the interest of political elites, whether through autocratic or democratic control. Institutionally inconsistent regimes (those exhibiting a mix of institutional characteristics of both democracy and autocracy) lack these self-enforcing characteristics and are expected to be shorter-lived. Using a log-logistic duration model, polity survival time ratios are estimated. Institutionally consistent polities are significantly more stable than institutionally inconsistent polities. The least stable political systems are dictatorships with high levels of political participation. The most unstable configuration for polities with an elected executive is one where the executive is highly constrained, but the electorate is very small. 相似文献
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Polygraph testing for deception in Australia: effective aid to crime investigation and adjudication?
McMahon M 《Journal of law and medicine》2003,11(1):24-47
Polygraph testing--or the monitoring and analysing of selected physiological measures of an individual who is being interviewed, for the purpose of detecting deception--is controversial in Australia. Considerable mythology surrounds this method of detecting deception. Embedded in popular perceptions of crime fighting and utilised in high-profile criminal cases in Western Australia, Victoria and Queensland, polygraph testing is also explicitly prohibited from being used in crime investigation in New South Wales. Unlike in the United States, polygraph testing has not hitherto routinely been used by government departments and authorities as a preemployment screening tool, but is increasingly being offered in the private sector in Australia. This article examines the current scope of polygraph testing in Australia, describes different approaches to testing, briefly reviews recent information relating to validity and evaluates State legislation prohibiting the use of polygraph testing for specified purposes in New South Wales. Consequent to the continuing controversy regarding the accuracy of polygraph testing in detecting deception (and, conversely, truth-telling), it is argued that the emerging use of polygraph testing is problematic and common law principles rendering the results of such testing inadmissible in court do not constitute sufficient safeguard against inappropriate and intrusive testing. Future research should identify specific polygraph testing techniques and consider the most socially beneficial way of regulating this emerging area of practice. 相似文献
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