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281.
Political discussion matters for a wide array of political phenomena such as attitude formation, electoral choice, other forms
of participation, levels of political expertise, and tolerance. Thus far, research on the underpinnings of political discussion
has focused on political, social, and contextual forces. We expand upon this existing research by examining how individual
personality traits influence patterns of political discussion. Drawing on data from two surveys we investigate how personality
traits influence the context in which citizens discuss politics, the nature of the relationship between individuals and their
discussion partners, and the influence discussion partners have on respondents’ views. We find a number of personality effects
and our results highlight the importance of accounting for individual predispositions in the study of political discussion. 相似文献
282.
O'Connor M Sanson A Hawkins MT Letcher P Toumbourou JW Smart D Vassallo S Olsson CA 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(7):860-874
This article responds to recent calls for a focus on successful development in young people and examination of its developmental
precursors, in order to identify potentially modifiable targets for interventions. The current study examined child and adolescent
precursors of positive functioning in emerging adulthood, including individual characteristics, relationship factors, and
connections to the community, using a multidimensional positive development measure at 19–20 years. The sample consisted of
511 males and 647 females who were participants in the Australian Temperament Project, a population based longitudinal study
that has followed young people’s psychosocial adjustment from infancy to early adulthood. Higher levels of positive development
in emerging adulthood were associated with stronger family and peer relationships, better adjustment to the school setting,
higher family socioeconomic status, and better emotional control. Some significant gender differences were observed, with
emotional control, family relationships, and community orientation all being stronger predictors of males’ than of females’
positive development. The findings provide possible targets for child and adolescent interventions to promote positive development
in early adulthood. 相似文献
283.
Mary M. Cavanaugh Phyllis L. Solomon Richard J. Gelles 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(3):275-291
Data are presented from a pilot study that tested the initial effectiveness of the Dialectical Psychoeducational Workshop
(DPEW) in reducing the potential risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an experimental
intervention (DPEW), and a control condition, the first session of an eight-week anger management program (AMW), was employed.
Differences between experimental and control groups were analyzed by chi-square and t tests. Self-report questionnaires were administered pre- and post-test to 55 study participants. The questionnaire was comprised
of standardized measures and highly-structured questions. Quantitative analyses provided strong preliminary support for the
DPEW’s effectiveness in lowering a participant’s desire to express anger physically, while decreasing the potential risk for
physical violence. This pilot study demonstrated promising initial support for the DPEW as an alternative, preventative intervention
for males at risk for intimate partner violence. Its strong preliminary results provide evidence for a larger RCT. The study’s
results are limited by a reliance on self-report measures, the brevity of the intervention, and a small sample size. 相似文献
284.
285.
286.
Phelan M 《European journal of health law》2012,19(4):333-353
In 2011, the Danish government announced that from June that year it would no longer cover the costs of medical interpreters for patients who had been living in Denmark for more than seven years. The Dutch Ministry of Health followed with an even more draconian approach; from 1 January 2012, the cost of translation and interpreting would no longer be covered by the state. These two announcements led to widespread concern about whether or not there is a legal foundation for interpreter provision in healthcare. This article considers United Nations treaties, conventions from the Council of Europe and European Union law. European Union member states have been slow to sign up to international agreements to protect the rights of migrant workers. The European Union itself has only recently moved into the area of discrimination and it is unclear if the Race Directive covers language. As a result, access to interpreters in healthcare, where it exists, is dependent on national anti-discrimination legislation or on positive action taken at national or local level rather than on European or international law. 相似文献
287.
A person who is liable to defensive harm has forfeited his rights against the imposition of the harm, and so is not wronged if that harm is imposed. A number of philosophers, most notably Jeff McMahan, argue for an instrumental account of liability, whereby a person is liable to defensive harm when he is either morally or culpably responsible for an unjust threat of harm to others, and when the imposition of defensive harm is necessary to avert the threatened unjust harm. Others may favour a purely noninstrumental account of liability: one that looks only to the past behaviour of the potentially liable person. We argue that both views are vulnerable to serious objections. Instead we develop and defend a new view of liability to defensive harm: the pluralist account. The pluralist account states that liability to defensive harm has at least two bases. First, if an attacker is morally or culpably responsible for an unjust attack then he has forfeited what we call his agency right, and in doing so he has made himself partially liable to defensive harm. Whether the attacker is fully liable to defensive harm depends, however, on whether the imposition of defensive harm would infringe a different right held by the attacker: his humanitarian right. Humanitarian rights are rights to be provided with urgently needed resources or to be protected from serious harms when others can do so at reasonably low cost. We argue the pluralist account avoids the objections to which the instrumental and noninstrumental views are vulnerable, coheres with our intuitive reactions in a wide range of cases, and sheds new light on the way different rights combine to determine a person??s liability to suffer harm. 相似文献
288.
Abstract: Previous research on age and vertebral degenerative change has focused on osteophytosis. The present study expands this research by examining the association between osteoarthritis and osteophytosis and by assessing their relationship to age. Researchers scored the bodies and facets in 104 individuals. Statistical analyses assessed relationships between age and degenerative change for the bodies and facets, both separately and combined, for all vertebrae collectively, and for subcategories of vertebral types. Separate analyses were conducted which included only regions that experience heavier stress loads. Results indicate that osteophytosis and osteoarthritis are not associated with each other for all subcategories of vertebrae. Also, the inclusion of osteoarthritis does not enhance the relationship between age and degenerative change, nor does limiting analyses to areas of heaver stress. Finally, although both conditions are significantly correlated with age, the relationship is not strong enough to yield predictive power for establishing age beyond a general estimate. 相似文献
289.
We argue that personal belief exemptions to the mandate for childhood immunizations should not be allowed. Parents who choose not to immunize their children put both their own children and other children at risk. Other children are at risk because unimmunized children go to school or day care when they are contagious but asymptomatic, exposing many more children to potentially dangerous infections. The risks to children from disease are much higher than the risks of vaccines. There are, of course, some bona fide reasons why children should not be immunized. Some children have known allergies or other medical contraindications to certain immunizations. Immunization refusals based on parental beliefs, however, do not fall into this category. In those cases, children are denied the protection of immunizations without any medical or scientific justification. By eliminating personal belief exemptions to those childhood vaccines associated with contagious diseases that have high rates of childhood mortality, we would better protect children and would more fairly spread the burdens of this important public health program. 相似文献
290.
This case study involved death of a 6-year-old child with a history of mental retardation secondary to meningitis at 11 months, spastic quadriplegia, seizure disorder, and hydrocephaly with a remote ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and gastric tube feedings. Reportedly, the child was co-sleeping with his mother when she awoke and discovered him lying prone and not breathing on the carpeted floor next to the bed. He was transported to the hospital and died in the emergency room of unknown causes. The medical examiner assumed jurisdiction of the body. The external examination revealed petechial hemorrhages on the neck and face, with patterned linear pressure abrasions on the chest, arms, and face. X-rays revealed leg fractures of different ages. This case emphasizes the importance of coordination of death scene investigation, medical history review, and autopsy results through a forensic team approach to determine the accurate cause and manner of death. 相似文献