全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1050篇 |
免费 | 77篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 78篇 |
工人农民 | 43篇 |
世界政治 | 90篇 |
外交国际关系 | 109篇 |
法律 | 451篇 |
中国政治 | 4篇 |
政治理论 | 351篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 64篇 |
2017年 | 75篇 |
2016年 | 77篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 184篇 |
2012年 | 44篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 38篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 32篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 29篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1127条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
171.
Debates about the role of money in politics are commonplace. Although some critics point to the potentially negative impact
spending has in elections, most recent scholarly evidence indicates that spending may actually promote greater participation
in the political process. However, most of this research has uncovered this relationship in races for more visible offices;
few studies have focused on whether the same linkage is present in low-information elections. For a variety of reasons, it
is not altogether certain whether this relationship would exist for such offices. To test this proposition, we examine the
impact of campaign spending on voter rolloff in 172 contested races for intermediate appellate courts (IAC) between 2000 and
2008. In contrast to other types of elections, combined candidate spending in these races had no effect on ballot rolloff. 相似文献
172.
Don Boyd Hamp Lankford Susanna Loeb Matthew Ronfeldt Jim Wyckoff 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2011,30(1):88-110
Many large urban school districts are rethinking their personnel management strategies, often giving increased control to schools in the hiring of teachers, reducing, for example, the importance of seniority. If school hiring authorities are able to make good decisions about whom to hire, these reforms have the potential to benefit schools and students. Prior research on teacher transfers uses career history data, identifying the school in which a teacher teaches in each year. When such data are used to see which teachers transfer, it is unclear the extent to which the patterns are driven by teacher preferences or school preferences, because the matching of teachers to schools is a two‐sided choice. This study uses applications‐to‐transfer data to examine separately which teachers apply for transfer and which get hired and, in so doing, differentiates teacher from school preferences. Holding all else equal, we find that teachers with better pre‐service qualifications (certification exam scores, college competitiveness) are more likely to apply for transfer, while teachers whose students demonstrate higher achievement growth are less likely. On the other hand, schools prefer to hire “higher quality” teachers across measures that signal quality. The results suggest that not only do more effective teachers prefer to stay in their schools but that schools are able to identify and hire the best candidates when given the opportunity © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
173.
Davis NL Horan PM Romich T Roman JL Lacy JM Catanese CA 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2010,31(4):330-334
This is a series reviewing 14 cases of giant saccular aneurysms diagnosed at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City collected over an 11-year period. Data collected on all 14 cases included neuropathological findings, comorbidities, and toxicological findings. Of these 14 cases, 8 were in women, and the ages ranged from 3 to 79 years, with a mean and a median of 50 years. Women were overrepresented in the sixth through eighth decades. Of the 14 cases described, 11 presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage; 3, no hemorrhage; 2, subdural hemorrhage; 8, intraventricular hemorrhage; 2, intracerebral hemorrhage; and 8, more than 1 hemorrhage type. Location of the aneurysms varied with 6 in the left side of the brain, 6 present in the right side of the brain, and 2 at the midline. We described the clinical, pathological, and toxicological findings associated with these giant aneurysms. 相似文献
174.
Matthew I. Mitchell 《冲突、安全与发展》2012,12(2):171-191
Many scholars have expressed grave concerns over the increased popularity of power-sharing agreements in Africa, arguing that power-sharing is an unstable form of government that provides only short-term reprieve from violent conflict. While most African experiments with power-sharing have failed, this does not necessarily invalidate the case for employing such agreements. The critical importance of context has been cited as a key factor in explaining the success or failure of power-sharing. In other words, it is not that power-sharing is inherently flawed but rather that it should only be employed in certain contexts. This article examines the role of context in explaining different power-sharing outcomes by analysing power-sharing in Côte d'Ivoire. The country provides an excellent case study for examining the importance of context as power-sharing agreements have been adopted in a variety of contexts with diverging outcomes. The article systematically examines key peace agreements and resulting power-sharing arrangements since the outbreak of civil war in 2002 in order to evaluate which factors help to explain successes and failures of power-sharing in Côte d'Ivoire. The article concludes by considering how previous examples may help to shed light on future prospects for power-sharing in Côte d'Ivoire and elsewhere. 相似文献
175.
To fight transnational crime, the United States needs to strengthen its cooperation with Colombia. This initiative, according to the authors, will not only be cost-effective for the United States, it will also signal U.S. willingness to work “by, with and through” other states, and may make possible an expanded regional framework to act against the criminal cartels. 相似文献
176.
Philip Matthew Stinson Sr. John Liederbach Michael Buerger Steven L. Brewer Jr. 《Criminal Justice Studies》2018,31(3):310-331
This study is part of a larger research project on police crime in the United States. Police crimes are those criminal offenses committed by sworn law enforcement officers who have the general powers of arrest. Profit-motivated police crime involves officers who use their authority of position to engage in crime for personal gain. This study reports the findings on 1,591 cases where a law enforcement officer was arrested for one or more profit-motivated crimes during the seven-year period 2005–2011. The profit-motivated arrest cases involved 1,396 individual officers employed by 782 state, local, special, constable, and tribal law enforcement agencies located in 531 counties and independent cities in 47 states and the District of Columbia. Our data is the first systematic study of profit-motivated police crime. The study describes the nature of this form of police misconduct in terms of several dimensions, including the characteristics of police who perpetrate these crimes, where it occurs, the specific criminal charges, and the contexts within which profit-motivated police crime is punished through police agencies and the criminal courts. 相似文献
177.
Images of police officers riding in armored vehicles and carrying military-grade weapons have become part of the public consciousness following the events in Ferguson, Missouri and several other high-profile police–citizen encounters. Although a great deal of research has investigated how and why US citizens perceive the police in various ways, almost no empirical work has asked how citizens perceive the militarization of the police. The current study analyzes data from a survey of 1005 US citizens to identify characteristics that are related to support for the use of military weapons and vehicles by local police departments. The results indicate that several demographic factors and perceptions of crime and the police are significantly related with citizen support for the militarization of the police. The implications of this research are discussed. 相似文献
178.
At the penalty phase of a capital trial, jurors endorse and weigh aggravators and mitigators. The purpose of the current studies was to examine how gender differences in attributional complexity relate to endorsements of aggravators and mitigators. In Study 1, undergraduate participants read definitions of aggravators and mitigators and rated the extent to which circumstances were aggravating or mitigating. In Study 2, a death qualified community sample read a trial summary, rated the extent to which aggravators and mitigators were present in the case, reported whether mitigators outweighed aggravators, and rendered a sentence. Results indicated that gender differences in mitigator endorsement were mediated by attributional complexity, and that gender differences in sentencing decisions were serially mediated by attributional complexity, mitigator endorsement, and aggravator and mitigator weighing. 相似文献
179.
Doubling Down: Inequality in Responsiveness and the Policy Preferences of Elected Officials 下载免费PDF全文
Is bias in responsiveness to constituents conditional on the policy preferences of elected officials? The scholarly conventional wisdom is that constituency groups who do not receive policy representation still obtain some level of responsiveness by legislators outside of the policy realm. In contrast, we present a theory of preference‐induced responsiveness bias where constituency responsiveness by legislators is associated with legislator policy preferences. Elected officials who favor laws that could disproportionately impact minority groups are also less likely to engage in nonpolicy responsiveness to minority groups. We conducted a field experiment in 28 US legislative chambers. Legislators were randomly assigned to receive messages from Latino and white constituents. If legislators supported voter identification laws, Latino constituents were less likely to receive constituency communications from their legislators. There are significant implications regarding fairness in the democratic process when elected officials fail to represent disadvantaged constituency groups in both policy and nonpolicy realms. 相似文献
180.
Studies of capital punishment worldwide investigate how international influence affects the death penalty. We analyze European influence on the death penalty in Russia over the imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods, using two parameters: the changing mechanisms of influence in each period and the death penalty's significance in the broader spectrum of punitive violence. On the first parameter, in the tsarist period, European influence on Russian policy was “productive” – exercised through prestige, moral suasion, and “diffusion.” In the Soviet period, European influence was blocked. In the post-Soviet period, European influence is coercive, as the Council of Europe has unsuccessfully sought to compel Russia to abolish its death penalty. On the second parameter, the death penalty in Russia has always been only one of many forms of state-sanctioned punitive killing. In consequence, the Council's involvement in Russia's death penalty has produced an incoherent policy outcome and has entangled the Council in Russia's authoritarian politics. Russia thus exemplifies the hazards of external involvement in death penalty abolition. 相似文献