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341.
Wojtylak MA Cebeci BO Gross SH Tang CK Vanderpool D 《Tort trial & insurance practice law journal》2003,38(2):549-583
This article focuses on certain noteworthy legislation and cases affecting medicine and law during the period September 1, 2001, to August 31, 2002. It does not attempt to discuss every case or piece of legislation, but instead seeks to summarize some of the more significant developments in this area of law. 相似文献
342.
Tardiff AK Wallace Z Tracy M Piper TM Vlahov D Galea S 《Journal of forensic sciences》2005,50(2):470-474
In this population-level study, we analyzed how well changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims explained declining homicide rates in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Victim demographics, cause of death, and toxicology were obtained for all homicide (N = 12573) and accidental death victims (N = 6351) between 1990 and 1998 from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York (OCME). The proportion of homicide and accident decedents positive for cocaine fell between 1990 and 1998 (13% and 9% respectively); the proportion of homicide and accident decedents positive for opiates and/or alcohol did not change significantly. Changing patterns of drug and alcohol use by homicide victims were comparable to changing patterns of drug and alcohol use in accident victims, suggesting that changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims between 1990 and 1998 cannot solely explain the decline in NYC homicide rates. 相似文献
343.
When Am I My Group? Self-Enhancement Versus Self-Justification Accounts of Perceived Prototypicality
The tendency to view the self as a prototypic member of a group is thought to be at the foundation of many social psychological
phenomena. Two opposing accounts of perceived prototypicality have been suggested in the psychological literature. The self-justification account portrays this as a defensive tendency that occurs in response to threatened group status. The self-enhancement account portrays this as a strategic tendency to associate the self with positively viewed groups. These competing views
were tested using both a minimal group (Study 1) and a naturalistic group (Study 2). Both studies showed that perceived prototypicality
increased with increasing group status. Moreover, the effect of status was moderated by group importance (Study 1) and behavioral
choice (Study 2). Both interaction patterns supported the self-enhancement view, suggesting that people view themselves as
prototypic group members when doing so will promote a positive identity. These findings contradict common statements in the
social identity literature. 相似文献
344.
Melissa?J.?Erwin Robyn?R.?M.?GershonEmail author Michael?Tiburzi Susan?Lin 《Journal of family violence》2005,20(1):13-19
The purpose of this case control study was to compare police officers (n = 106) from a large urban police force, charged with committing intimate partner violence (IPV) with officers who were not
charged (n = 105), in order to identify risk factors for IPV. We also compared the frequency, type, and final disposition of IPV reports
filed against police officers before and after the enactment of the 1994 Violence against Women Act (VAWA). Officers accused
of IPV were more likely to be members of a minority, on the force more than 7 years and assigned to a high crime district.
No major differences on intake baseline MMPI scores were noted between cases and controls. A significant increase in reports
of IPV was noted after the enactment of VAWA; the rate changed from 0.2/100 to 1.2/100 person years, although there were too
few pre-1994 reports to compare further. Most of the final dispositions of the cases resulted in cases closed due to unsupported
testimony from victims.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
345.
Review of autopsy findings in judicial electrocutions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
346.
Associations among bullying, peer victimization, sexual harassment, and dating violence were examined among 684 middle and
high school students. Cluster analysis of self-report measures revealed four distinct bully-victim subtypes: uninvolved, victims,
bully-victims, and bullies. African-American students comprised the bully cluster more than White students, but did not report
higher rates of dating violence or peer sexual harassment. Bully-victims reported significantly more physical dating violence
victimization than members of all other groups, and more emotional abuse in dating relationships than uninvolved students
and victims. Bully-victims and victims also reported the highest amount of peer sexual harassment. Anxiety/depression levels
were highest among victims and bully-victims. Sexual harassment and dating violence experiences moderated the association
between bully-victim subtype and anxiety/depression. That is, victims with the highest levels of sexual harassment and victims
and bully-victims with the highest levels of dating violence reported the highest levels of anxiety/depression. Findings highlight
the high-risk nature of the bully-victim group and the importance of assessing multiple forms of victimization affecting youth.
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL. Research
interests include youth aggression, victimization, childhood sexual abuse, and eating disorders.
Melissa K. Holt, Research Scientist, Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH. Research interests
include multiple victimization experiences, childhood sexual abuse, and contextual influences of victimization. Crimes Against
Children 相似文献
347.
John M. Bryson Barbara C. Crosby Melissa Middleton Stone 《Public administration review》2015,75(5):647-663
Theoretical and empirical work on collaboration has proliferated in the last decade. The authors’ 2006 article on designing and implementing cross‐sector collaborations was a part of, and helped stimulate, this growth. This article reviews the authors’ and others’ important theoretical frameworks from the last decade, along with key empirical results. Research indicates how complicated and challenging collaboration can be, even though it may be needed now more than ever. The article concludes with a summary of areas in which scholarship offers reasonably settled conclusions and an extensive list of recommendations for future research. The authors favor research that takes a dynamic, multilevel systems view and makes use of both quantitative and qualitative methods, especially using longitudinal comparative case studies. 相似文献
348.
Australian Meals on Wheels (MoWs) is a well-known, traditional nonprofit organization operating for over 60 years in a mixed economy of welfare, where it is positioned between the increasingly complex demands of state regulation and market efficiency. These contextual challenges cause critical tensions to an organization reliant on humanitarian principles and a large volunteer workforce. Findings show that this organization is experiencing conflicting and multiple identities which are having a significant impact on volunteer recruitment and retention. Specifically, data highlight the external challenges that threaten volunteers relating to regulation and funding, and internal challenges that tend to ignore volunteer value and instead picture volunteers as ageing and resistant to change. Findings suggest that the organization needs to work with all stakeholders to develop a shared organizational identity that blends humanitarianism with managerialism. New inclusive processes can enable better recruitment and retention practices, enabling the organization to “unfreeze” its traditional ways of operating to build a sustainable future for this much-needed organization. 相似文献
349.
Neil Andersson Aparna Swaminathan Charlie Whitaker Melissa Roche 《Third world quarterly》2013,34(5):873-887
Mine-risk education programmes will fall short of their intended impact for as long as they fail to take into account local responses—knowledge, logic and everyday practices—to mine threats. Community information, systematically collected through household and institutional surveys, can help to define and understand endogenous ‘mine smartness’. The same evidence provides insight into the impact of mine-risk education, including its unintended consequences. Using six criteria of mine smartness, ciet carried out evaluations of mine-risk education in Afghanistan (1997) and Angola (1999). The first clear lesson to be drawn from these evaluations is that people in mine-affected areas do generate their own broadly effective means of facing the daily threat of mines. The second lesson is that people take risks for reasons that make sense to them: ‘education’ that landmines are dangerous probably adds little value for them. The third lesson is that mine-risk education that does not take into account these first two lessons can cause harm. The evaluations produced evidence of unintended risk-taking by people exposed to mine-risk education programmes. 相似文献
350.
According to previous studies, women in the U.S. Congress are often cast by the media and by voters as quite distinct from men, with a unique focus on women's issues and an outsider approach to governing. Contrary to the media's depiction and voters' expectations, however, an analysis of Congressional web sites reveals that women members, just as men in Congress do, portray themselves as having diverse interests and participating zealously in the Washington power struggle. Thus, women's self-presentations on the web do not support the notion that the images proffered by members contribute to media and voter stereotypes of women representatives. 相似文献