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141.
What Interventions Work Best for Families Who Experience Homelessness? Impact Estimates from the Family Options Study
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Daniel Gubits Marybeth Shinn Michelle Wood Scott R. Brown Samuel R. Dastrup Stephen H. Bell 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2018,37(4):835-866
What housing and service interventions work best to reduce homelessness for families in the United States? The Family Options Study randomly assigned 2,282 families recruited in homeless shelters across 12 sites to priority access to one of three active interventions or to usual care in their communities. The interventions were long‐term rent subsidies, short‐term rent subsidies, and transitional housing in supervised programs with intensive psychosocial services. In two waves of follow‐up data collected 20 and 37 months later, priority access to long‐term rent subsidies reduced homelessness and food insecurity and improved other aspects of adult and child well‐being relative to usual care, at a cost 9 percent higher. The other interventions had little effect. The study provides support for the view that homelessness for most families is an economic problem that long‐term rent subsidies resolve and does not support the view that families must address psychosocial problems to succeed in housing. It has implications for focusing government resources on this important social problem. 相似文献
142.
G. John Geldhof Michelle Weiner Jennifer P. Agans Megan K. Mueller Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(1):81-91
Entrepreneurship represents a form of adaptive developmental regulation through which both entrepreneurs and their ecologies benefit. We describe entrepreneurship from the perspective of relational developmental systems theory, and examine the joint role of personal attributes, contextual attributes, and characteristics of person-context relationships in predicting entrepreneurial intent in a sample 3,461 college students enrolled in colleges and universities in the United States (60 % female; 61 % European American). Specifically, we tested whether personal characteristics (i.e., gender, intentional self-regulation skills, innovation orientation) and contextual factors (i.e., entrepreneurial parents) predicted college students’ intentions to pursue an entrepreneurial career. Our findings suggest that self-regulation, innovation orientation, and having entrepreneurial role models (i.e., parents) predict entrepreneurial intent. Limitations and future directions for the study of youth entrepreneurship are discussed. 相似文献
143.
Jonathan Zaff Michelle Boyd Yibing Li Jacqueline V. Lerner Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(7):736-750
Civic participation does not necessarily equate to civic engagement. However, to date, integrated measures of civic engagement
that go beyond civic behaviors have not been developed. In this article, we propose an integrated construct of civic engagement,
active and engaged citizenship (AEC), that includes behavioral, cognitive, and socioemotional constructs. Using data from
909 adolescents (62.4% girls) who took part in the Grades 8–10 assessments of the longitudinal 4-H Study of Positive Youth
Development (PYD), we assessed the structure and measurement invariance of AEC. AEC was proposed as a second-order latent
construct that encompasses four first-order latent factors: Civic Duty, Civic Skills, Neighborhood Social Connection, and
Civic Participation. Measurement invariance was tested over time (from Grade 8 to Grade 10) and between boys and girls. The
results supported strong invariance of AEC over time and between sexes. Implications of AEC for future research and practice
are discussed. 相似文献
144.
Michelle Kilpatrick Demaray Christine Kerres Malecki Sandra Yu Rueger Sarah E. Brown Kelly Hodgson Summers 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(1):13-28
The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perceived frequency and perceived importance of social
support with youth’s self-concept. Data from a large representative sample of 921 children and adolescents in grades 3 through
12 were analyzed. Results indicated that the relationships between the frequency of social support from parents, teachers,
classmates, and close friends with self-concept were significant. However, only the perceived importance of social support
from teachers was significantly related to self-concept. Finally, an interaction was found between the frequency of social
support and the importance of social support from classmates and close friends on self-concept. These results suggest that
self-evaluations of the importance of teacher support may be especially influential for youths’ self-concept, and that the
ability to discount the value of support from classmates and friends, when it is lacking, may be protective to the self-concept
of children and adolescents.
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Michelle Kilpatrick DemarayEmail: |
145.
Michelle Birkett Dorothy L. Espelage Brian Koenig 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):989-1000
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual students (LGB) and those questioning their sexual orientation are often at great risk for negative
outcomes like depression, suicidality, drug use, and school difficulties (Elliot and Kilpatrick, How to Stop Bullying, A KIDSCAPE
Guide to Training, 1994; Mufoz-Plaza et al., High Sch J 85:52–63, 2002; Treadway and Yoakam, J School Health 62(7):352–357, 1992). This study examined how school contextual factors such as homophobic victimization and school climate influence negative
outcomes in LGB and questioning middle school students. Participants were 7,376 7th and 8th grade students from a large Midwestern
county (50.7% Female, 72.7% White, 7.7% Biracial, 6.9% Black, 5.2% Asian, 3.7% Hispanic, and 2.2% reported “other”). LGB and
sexually questioning youth were more likely to report high levels of bullying, homophobic victimization, and various negative
outcomes than heterosexual youth. Students who were questioning their sexual orientation reported the most bullying, the most
homophobic victimization, the most drug use, the most feelings of depression and suicidality, and more truancy than either
heterosexual or LGB students. A positive school climate and a lack of homophobic victimization moderated the differences among
sexual orientation status and outcomes. Results indicate that schools have the ability to lessen negative outcomes for LGB
and sexually questioning students through creating positive climates and reducing homophobic teasing. 相似文献
146.
How Conditioning on Posttreatment Variables Can Ruin Your Experiment and What to Do about It
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Jacob M. Montgomery Brendan Nyhan Michelle Torres 《American journal of political science》2018,62(3):760-775
In principle, experiments offer a straightforward method for social scientists to accurately estimate causal effects. However, scholars often unwittingly distort treatment effect estimates by conditioning on variables that could be affected by their experimental manipulation. Typical examples include controlling for posttreatment variables in statistical models, eliminating observations based on posttreatment criteria, or subsetting the data based on posttreatment variables. Though these modeling choices are intended to address common problems encountered when conducting experiments, they can bias estimates of causal effects. Moreover, problems associated with conditioning on posttreatment variables remain largely unrecognized in the field, which we show frequently publishes experimental studies using these practices in our discipline's most prestigious journals. We demonstrate the severity of experimental posttreatment bias analytically and document the magnitude of the potential distortions it induces using visualizations and reanalyses of real‐world data. We conclude by providing applied researchers with recommendations for best practice. 相似文献
147.
Michelle Boulous Walker 《澳大利亚女权主义者研究》2009,24(61):373-375
148.
The purpose of this study was to identify longitudinal predictors of any (versus no) episodes of recurrent intimate partner
violence (IPV) and their severity among low-income inner-city women. A secondary analysis was conducted on data from an inception
cohort of 321 previously abused women from the Chicago Women’s Health Risk Study. In a multivariable logistic regression model,
pregnancy, frequency of IPV in the year prior to the baseline interview, and the partner’s use of power and control tactics
increased the odds of recurrent IPV during the follow-up period and leaving an abusive partner reduced the odds. In a multivariate
proportional odds logistic regression model, partner violence outside the home was associated with higher severity of recurrent
IPV, but leaving an abusive partner was not. The results suggest that, for low-income women, leaving an abusive partner may
reduce the risk of recurrent victimization without increasing severity of the recurrent attacks that do occur. 相似文献
149.
Recently, the timing-of-events model typically used for exploring adult development has been proposed for studying early adolescence and the pubertal processes occurring then. As a consequence, new interest has been generated about the psychological effects of being early, on time, or late in sexual maturation during early adolescence. A major issue has to do with the choice of maturational events to study, since puberty is a process involving numerous events, all of which have a different developmental course. This paper reviews some of the maturational events that are applicable in studying psychological effects of pubertal status and timing. Nine changes are reviewed (bone, height, weight, body fat, breast, body hair, penile, testicular, and menarcheal changes) in terms of measurement techniques, psychometric properties, and intercorrelations with other pubertal events. In addition, the usefulness of each measure for psychological research on maturational timing and status is discussed. Finally, how pubertal measures may be incorporated into a developmental perspective is considered, especially with regard to rate, duration, and asynchrony of pubertal changes.Research Interests: Girl's psychological adaptation to pubertal change, biosocial aspects of female reproductive events, development of biological and socially at risk children and adolescents.Research Interests: Reproductive endocrinology, anorexia nervosa, neuroendocrinology, adolescence. 相似文献
150.
Michelle L. Meloy Susan L. Miller Kristin M. Curtis 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2008,33(2):209-222
Releasing a sex offender from prison or placing the offender on community-based sanctions, only to have the offender commit
a new sex crime, is a policy-maker’s worst nightmare. Fueled by misperceptions and public fear, sex offender laws have developed
piecemeal and without rigorous empirical insight and testing. While policies and practices are well-intended, they are unlikely
to resolve the very real social problem of sexual violence and may inadvertently increase victimization. Such is the possibility
with residence restrictions. This type of law is among the newest in an ever-growing barrage of legislation designed specifically
for sexual criminals yet what little research that exists suggests there is no correlation between residence and sexual recidivism.
This article identifies 30 states with state-level residence restrictions and conducts a content analysis of each state’s
legislation. Geographical and other assessments are also conducted. 相似文献