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This study examined patrol officer use of force and exposure to resistance on a gendered basis in an urban police department. Using data from use of force reports for the year 2000, a weighted force factor value was calculated for each officer. These values were then compared by officer gender. The mean value for both females and males was positive, indicating a tendency to employ lower force levels in response to higher levels of resistance. The male officer weighted force factor value, however, was significantly larger than that for the females. Placed within the context of the use of force continuum, this result suggested that male officer use of force vis-à-vis subject resistance spanned a wider range. Alternatively, female officers could be viewed as operating within a narrower range of the force continuum. One interpretation of this finding was that female and male officers responded differentially to subject resistance levels. 相似文献
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Michelle D. Bonner 《拉美政治与社会》2005,47(4):55-76
Defining the rights that must be protected in a democracy is an integral component of the process of democratization. In the case of Argentina, the definition of these rights results partly from important debates between human rights organizations (HROs) and the state. Argentine HROs have framed their demands for state protection of human rights in terms of the need to protect the family. Yet HROs' successes in using international courts as arbiters may be reducing their need to present their demands in this framework. 相似文献
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Parental Use of Physical Punishment as Related to Family Environment, Psychological Well-being, and Personality in Undergraduates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Corrine E. Leary Michelle L. Kelley Jennifer Morrow Peter J. Mikulka 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(1):1-7
Childhood experiences of physical punishment were examined as related to perceptions of family environment during childhood
and affective and personality outcomes of college students. From the 274 respondents who participated, scores were compared
for the participants with the 75 highest and 75 lowest physical discipline scores based on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC-CA).
Respondents who experienced the highest level of physical punishment in their families of origin reported higher family conflict,
more negative parental relationships, greater family worries, more depressive symptoms, more perceived nonsupport, greater
identity problems, and more negative social relationships. Respondents in the low physical punishment group reported higher
positive family affect. Results suggest that experiencing physical discipline as a child may be related to one’s family environment
and psychological well-being in young adulthood. 相似文献
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The article contributes to the understanding of ‘what works’ in mental health courts (MHCs). There are now almost 400 MHCs in the US and more worldwide. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that MHCs can succeed in reducing recidivism among offenders who suffer mental disorders. This article argues that MHCs succeed when they have achieved the right confluence of essential elements, including providing evidence-based treatment and psychosocial supports and using adroit judge-craft. After a brief review of some of the studies demonstrating MHC success, this article discusses the research into the necessary foundations of rehabilitation programs. It is argued that, although treatment and psychosocial services should be supplied within an evidence-based framework, neither of the two leading conceptual models – Risk–Needs–Responsivity and the Good Lives Model – are empirically proven with offenders who suffer from mental disorders. Despite the absence of proof, the Good Lives Model is argued to be appropriate for MHCs because it is normatively consonant with therapeutic jurisprudence. The MHC judge is another essential element. The judicial role is assayed to elucidate how it functions to promote the rehabilitation of offenders with mental disorders. It is argued that the role of the MHC judge during supervisory status hearings is to establish a therapeutic alliance and practice motivational psychology with each MHC participant. 相似文献
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Teri A. Garstka Alice Lieberman Jacklyn Biggs Betsy Thompson Michelle Marie Levy 《Journal of public child welfare》2014,8(2):190-211
Cross-systems collaboration between child welfare, education, and the courts benefits when challenges and priorities are identified early. We measured perceptions of educational stability in foster youth with a statewide survey of 1,603 professionals in education, child welfare, and the courts. Results reveal commonalities among perceived challenges to collaboration across systems (e.g., multiple foster care placements; school changes) and differences in perceived importance or significance of a given issue by professional group. Results guided collaborative work in Kansas and may assist other states seeking strategies that inform cross-systems collaboration to improve educational well-being for youth in foster care. 相似文献