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This article assesses the contributions of studies in the rational choice (RC) tradition to scholarly understanding of Latin American politics. It groups some representative works according to their use of RC assumptions, and also reviews some of the major works in the institutionalist tradition. It argues that works in the RC tradition have neither forced a major rethinking of established theories nor filled major lacunae, although they have illuminated some phenomena that were only partly understood. The RC approach works best for narrow questions in which power relations and structural constraints are stable, whereas its essential assumptions become untenable in questions that involve shifting power relations among social groups and the state over time. 相似文献
343.
We hypothesized that incongruous misfortunes generate stronger affective reactions and perceptions of injustice than do equally
severe and equally probable congruous misfortunes. Incongruous misfortunes are defined as ones that bring to mind thoughts
or images of the misfortune either happening to a different person or happening to the same person by a different means. In
a series of studies, victims of incongruous negative life events (e.g., wartime casualties of “friendly” five) were expected
to experience stronger reactions of regret, shock, outrage, and perceived injustice than victims of more congruous versions
of the same events. Differences between reactions to incongruous misfortunes and subjectively improbable misfortunes are explored. 相似文献
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Bruno J. Anthony Laura G. Anthony Tanya M. Morrel Michelle Acosta 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2005,34(1):31-39
Teacher ratings of 336 preschool children (mean age = 48 months) attending two urban Head Start programs were collected to examine the influence of contextual variables of teacher training, classroom, and site on the prevalence of significant problems. The prevalence of externalizing behaviors in the problem range was higher than expected and fewer children were rated in the well-adjusted range on social competence measures. Psychometric characteristics of the ratings indicated that teachers in this urban setting were less consistent in their ratings of internalizing problems, calling into question the lack of elevation of such problems in this population. Ratings by teachers and teacher assistants of the same children showed low agreement; the level of ratings was not affected by differences in training but did vary across classrooms. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the entire sample showed significant effects of classroom and site on problem behaviors and social competence. These results reveal the wide variation in problem frequency across classrooms, which needs to be considered in the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based interventions. Further, these results point to the importance of studying possible lasting effects on children exposed to these differing contexts. 相似文献
347.
The most complex and risky decisions made by forensic psychiatrists revolve around the decision to release insanity acquittes from custody. This decision has several levels of risk, including the potential liability to the psychiatrist as well as the possible risk to the community. A single bad outcome, even if not predictable, can have disastrous results, not only for victims, but also for the releasing facility. Since predicting violence has so many problems, we chose to look at completeness of treatment instead, so we could say to the Court, "We don't know about violence, but we do know that he has vastly improved." Since many NGRI (Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity) patients spend years in the hospital, they are also expensive. They have rights, as well; therefore the complex assessment must be done as quickly and as accurately as possible. We have developed a spread sheet program to compare these multiple factors, and have compared it against the clinical decisions we have made in more than 100 discharges. We believe this gives a framework for decision-making that will increase the consistency of this process. 相似文献
348.
Allele frequencies of 19 STR loci in a Philippine population generated using AmpFlSTR multiplex and ALF singleplex systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
De Ungria MC Roby RK Tabbada KA Rao-Coticone S Tan MM Hernandez KN 《Forensic science international》2005,152(2-3):281-284
Allele frequencies for the 19 short tandem repeat (STR) loci CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S306, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, DHFRP2 (FOLP23), F13A01, FES/FPS, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA were obtained from a sample of 106 unrelated Filipinos from different regions of the Philippine archipelago. 相似文献
349.
Wood M Laloup M Ramirez Fernandez Mdel M Jenkins KM Young MS Ramaekers JG De Boeck G Samyn N 《Forensic science international》2005,150(2-3):227-238
We present a validated method for the simultaneous analysis of basic drugs which comprises a sample clean-up step, using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE), followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Deuterated analogues for all of the analytes of interest were used for quantitation. The applied HPLC gradient ensured the elution of all the drugs examined within 14 min and produced chromatographic peaks of acceptable symmetry. Selectivity of the method was achieved by a combination of retention time, and two precursor-product ion transitions for the non-deuterated analogues. Oral fluid was collected with the Intercept, a FDA approved sampling device that is used on a large scale in the US for workplace drug testing. However, this collection system contains some ingredients (stabilizers and preservatives) that can cause substantial interferences, e.g. ion suppression or enhancement during LC-MS/MS analysis, in the absence of suitable sample pre-treatment. The use of the SPE was demonstrated to be highly effective and led to significant decreases in the interferences. Extraction was found to be both reproducible and efficient with recoveries >76% for all of the analytes. Furthermore, the processed samples were demonstrated to be stable for 48 h, except for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, where a slight negative trend was observed, but did not compromise the quantitation. In all cases the method was linear over the range investigated (2-200 microg/L) with an excellent intra-assay and inter-assay precision (coefficients of variation <10% in most cases) for QC samples spiked at a concentration of 4, 12 and 100 microg/L. Limits of quantitation were estimated to be at 2 microg/L with limits of detection ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 microg/L, which meets the requirements of SAMHSA for oral fluid testing in the workplace. The method was subsequently applied to the analysis of Intercept samples collected at the roadside by the police, and to determine MDMA and MDA levels in oral fluid samples from a controlled study. 相似文献
350.
Fred?ButtellEmail author John?Muldoon Michelle?Carney 《Journal of family violence》2005,20(4):211-217
The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of interpersonal dependency, an indicator of insecure attachment in adulthood,
among batterers court-mandated into domestic violence treatment. The study collected data from 158 batterers beginning treatment
and 25 nonviolent men. Analysis indicated that batterers demonstrated significantly elevated levels of interpersonal dependency,
relative to the nonviolent comparison group. These findings indicate that more research is needed before the role of interpersonal
dependency in the etiology and maintenance of domestic violence can be understood.
Program Director, Alternatives to Violence Program 相似文献