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21.
This study examines the relative importance of six policy outcomes related to different fairness principles for the perceived
fairness and acceptability of pricing policies aimed at changing transport behaviour. The fairness and acceptability of six
different types of transport pricing policies were systematically higher if policy outcomes were related to environmental
justice and equality. The policy measures were evaluated as more acceptable and fair when respondents believed that future
generations, nature and the environment were protected (reflecting environmental justice), and to a lesser extent, when everybody
was equally affected by the policy outcomes (reflecting equality), irrespective of absolute differences in fairness and acceptability
of the policies. Policy outcomes reflecting egoistic concerns (e.g. being financially worse off and being worse off than others)
and equity (e.g. proportional to people’s income and contribution to problems) were related to the fairness and acceptability
of some policy measures, but no systematic pattern was found across six policy measures. This suggests that policy outcomes
related to distributions that focus on collective considerations appear to be more important for the fairness and acceptability
of transport pricing policies than those focusing on individual interests. Theoretical and practical implications of these
results are discussed. 相似文献
22.
Imran Awan Michael Brookes Monique Powell Sarah Stanwell 《Police Practice and Research》2019,20(2):172-184
This study explores the public perception of a community in Britain, towards a police constabulary in the UK. The study sought to explore how the levels of satisfaction between Black and Minority Ethnicities (BME) and non BME communities towards this police force in the UK. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was obtained by the use of self-completion questionnaires of 112 participants in an area in the UK and the use of a total of 31 semi-structured interviews. The findings show that participants questioned police competence, the duty of police officers, policing conduct in relation to investigations, experiences of prejudice and expectations communities have of the police. The results for this study showed that there is some support for the idea that the perception of the police during the first contact with a member of the public is likely to be the most powerful predictor of future opinions on the police. This comes from the idea that the public are concerned not only with what the police do in the community, but how they do their work. Finally, as the current study is concerned with policing the local communities, it is important to remember that members of the community will respond positively to being included in police procedure deliberations and audits. The findings suggest that there is still much work to be done by the police service in order to improve the relationship with the communities that they serve. We argue much more emphasis should be placed on community work and increased engagement with younger people in schools and the wider general public. 相似文献
23.
24.
We test the robustness of correlations between age structure and economic growth in EU15 countries by replicating a previous
OECD study. A hump-shaped relation with the age structure is confirmed where increases in the dependent age group shares are
associated with decreasing GDP growth rates. In addition we confirm that the peak of the hump is in the upper part of the
working age population. Models estimated on data up to 1990 agree quite well when data for 15 more years are added. Sensitivity
tests, instrumented regressions and addition of control variables do not change this conclusion. Thus, the age profile of
correlations between age and economic growth is robust over time. This motivates a prospective analysis of future effects
ageing will have on EU growth. The basic conclusion from this exercise is that ageing will be accompanied by stagnation in
GDP growth, but at rather different time horizons.
相似文献
Thomas LindhEmail: |
25.
26.
Conflicting Equalities? Cultural Group Rights and Sex Equality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Monique Deveaux 《Political studies》2000,48(3):522-539
This article explores the tensions within multiculturalist theory between the aspiration to promote cultural recognition and the need to promote and protect women's concern with issues of sex and gender inequality. The article asseses the three main approaches to the reconciliation of sexual equality and group rights; according priority to the traditional values and practices of cultural groups; accepting collective and cultural rights but within a framework international human rights; and finally, the acceptance of group rights subject to respect for individual rights and freedoms. By focusing on the experience of aboriginal women activists in Canadian politics and their struggle to preserve constitutional sex equality, this article argues that only the third approach provides adequate safeguards for women in their public and private roles. 相似文献
27.
“Always Use Protection”: Communication Boys Receive About Sex From Parents,Peers, and the Media 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Although parents are often thought to be the primary communicators of sexual information, studies have found that many adolescent
boys report receiving little or no parental communication about sex. Instead, boys report learning about sex mostly from their
peers and the media. However, little is known about the content of these communications, from any source. Using a sample of
286 male undergraduates, this study employed a mixed-method approach to examine the amount and content of sex-related communication
boys received from their parents, peers, and the media. Results indicated that adolescent boys report receiving less sexual
communication from their parents than from peers and the media. In terms of content, parental messages focused on abstinence
and contraception while peer and media messages were significantly more sex-positive. Analyses of ethnic group variation showed
that African American adolescents reported receiving the most parental communication and Asian American boys reported the
least, with further variability in the content of the messages. Findings also document considerable diversity of message content,
both within and across source, highlighting the utility of comparative and multi-method approaches.
相似文献
L. Monique WardEmail: |
28.
At present, very little research has been devoted to investigating the ability of laser scanning technology to accurately measure height from surveillance video. The goal of this study was to test the accuracy of one particular laser scanner to estimate suspect height from video footage. The known heights of 10 individuals were measured using an anthropometer. The individuals were then recorded on video walking along a predetermined path in a simulated crime scene environment both with and without headwear. The difference between the known heights and the estimated heights obtained from the laser scanner software were compared using a one-way t-test. The height estimates obtained from the software were not significantly different from the known heights whether individuals were wearing headwear (p = 0.186) or not (p = 0.707). Thus, laser scanning is one technique that could potentially be used by investigators to determine suspect height from video footage. 相似文献
29.
Since the early 1990s, World Bank officials in many countries have pressed their government borrowers to include nongovernmental organizations as development partners. What impact has this new partnership norm had in the bank's borrower countries, and why? This article investigates these questions through longitudinal analysis of three cases: Guatemala, Ecuador, and the Gambia. In their first iteration in the 1990s, these bank-sponsored efforts generally failed to take root; yet by the 2000s, NGOs and state actors were engaged in multiple partnerships. This article suggests that over time, bank officials' repeated efforts to embed these new ideas fostered a social learning process that led NGOs to adopt more strategic partnership practices and government officials to see NGO partners as useful. Several factors may affect this learning process: levels of professionalism and the growth of professional networks, the presence of effective “bridge builders,” and the level of historical conflicts. 相似文献
30.
The practice of multiple-mandate holding is widespread across Europe. Critics argue that this practice contributes to a concentration of political power, a higher risk for conflicts of interest and damage to the public image of political actors. Advocates meanwhile claim that it provides clear benefits, such as local embeddedness of the national or regional political decision-making and a greater degree of professionalisation in politics. However, little is known about how political actors themselves look upon this practice. This especially in a context like Finland, where this practice is said to be embedded in the political culture and where another institutional level has recently been implemented, making it possible for political actors to simultaneously hold political mandates at the local-, regional- and national levels. This paper examines attitudes towards multiple-mandate holding among local political decision-makers using unique survey data gathered through a new online panel. The results suggest that councillors from a populist radical right party and those who perceive corruption and partial treatment as more common were the most negatively disposed towards this practice, while councillors from the traditionally strongest rural party were the most in favour. 相似文献