首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   430篇
  免费   19篇
各国政治   22篇
工人农民   14篇
世界政治   44篇
外交国际关系   28篇
法律   200篇
中国政治   4篇
政治理论   131篇
综合类   6篇
  2021年   3篇
  2019年   6篇
  2018年   12篇
  2017年   13篇
  2016年   19篇
  2015年   16篇
  2014年   12篇
  2013年   63篇
  2012年   7篇
  2011年   10篇
  2010年   11篇
  2009年   24篇
  2008年   18篇
  2007年   18篇
  2006年   9篇
  2005年   10篇
  2004年   6篇
  2003年   10篇
  2002年   15篇
  2001年   10篇
  2000年   5篇
  1999年   3篇
  1998年   5篇
  1997年   5篇
  1996年   8篇
  1995年   5篇
  1994年   7篇
  1993年   4篇
  1992年   5篇
  1991年   9篇
  1990年   5篇
  1989年   7篇
  1988年   7篇
  1987年   7篇
  1986年   5篇
  1985年   5篇
  1984年   8篇
  1983年   5篇
  1982年   7篇
  1979年   2篇
  1978年   2篇
  1976年   2篇
  1975年   3篇
  1974年   4篇
  1972年   6篇
  1971年   2篇
  1967年   2篇
  1966年   3篇
  1965年   3篇
  1964年   2篇
排序方式: 共有449条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
182.
He has taught there since 1967 and is the author of five books, including several on international food issues, and over forty articles. He has been a Guggenheim Fellow, a Rockefeller Fellow, and a fellow of the German Marshall Fund; and consultant to the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the World Food Program, and the Food and Agriculture Organization. His current research is on food aid to Africa.  相似文献   
183.
184.
The process of turning policy into legislation has been the subject of intense debates with some emphasising 'pressure groups', some pointing to Members of Parliament and others stressing the importance of civil servants with their own strong beliefs. This article argues that a particular type of civil service role has not been explored: we need to look at the civil servant who co-ordinates the process of reform. He or she starts with no particular commitment but seeks to provide a framework for legislation which can respond to contrasting and, on some occasions, even mutually inconsistent ideas. Co-ordination is in itself a form of power, and its significance can be seen in the compromises and gaps which are often found in government legislation and which are frequently the product of the co-ordinating role with its search for some minimal level of agreement and 'workable' drafts. The case-study for this analysis of law-making is the strained attempt to reform planning law in the years 1929–1932 in such a way as to make the law an instrument for preserving the countryside and improving housing and city conditions. It was a major attempt at social engineering and highly contentious for contemporaries. It is the essence of this type of law-reform that it simultaneously changes past law and, because it is an administratively co-ordinated compromise, it also produces problems which demand further reform within a few years.  相似文献   
185.
186.
187.
Reviews     
Robert V. Daniels, Russia: The Roots of Confrontation, Cambridge, Mass. and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1985, xiii + 411 pp. £22.75.

Harry Gelman, The Brezhnev Politburo and the Decline of Detente. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1984, 268 pp. £9.95.

Stephen F. Cohen, Rethinking the Soviet Experience. Politics and History Since 1917. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, xiii + 222 pp. £15.00.

Shugo Minagawa, Supreme Soviet Organs: Functions and Institutional Development of Federal and Republican Presidia and Standing Commissions, Nagoya: University of Nagoya Press, 1985, xxi + 346 pp., 5000 yen.

Pekka Sutela, Socialism, Planning and Optimality. A study in Soviet economic thought (Helsinki, The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters). Commentationes Scientiarum Socialium vol 25. 1984, 230 pp. No price.

Christopher T. Saunders, ed., East‐West Trade and Finance in the World Economy. London: Macmillan, 1985, ix + 338 pp., £30.00.

P. T. Wanless, Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies, London & Sydney: Croom Helm, 1985, xi + 141 pp., £16.95.

Christopher Coker, NATO, the Warsaw Pact and Africa, London: Macmillan for RUSI, 1985, xii + 302 pp. £25.00.

Ellen Jones, Red Army and Society: A Sociology of the Soviet Military. London: Allen & Unwin, 1985, xviii + 230 pp. £18.00.

Thomas F. Remington, Building Socialism in Bolshevik Russia. Ideology and Industrial Organization, 1917–1921, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984, x + 222 pp., $19.95.

Teodor Shanin, Russia as a ‘Developing Society’: The Roots of Otherness: Russia's Turn of Century, Volume 1, Basingstoke and London, Macmillan, 1985, XVI + 268 pp., £27.50 h/c, £8.95 p/b.

Olimpiad S. Ioffe, Soviet Law and Soviet Reality, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985, Law in Eastern Europe series No. 30, 234 pp., Dfl. 135, U.S. $45.50, £34.50.

James M. Swanson, Scientific Discoveries and Soviet Law: A Socio‐historical Analysis. Gainesville, Florida, University of Florida Press, 1985, viii + 150 pp. $11.00.

Martin Fincke, ed. Handbuch der Sowjetverfassung, vols. I and II. Duncker and Humblot, Berlin, 1983, XVI + 1336 pp. including index and synopsis of Constitutions. Vol. I DM 236.00. Vol. II DM 270.00.

Laszlo Antal, Gazdasagiranyitsai és pénzügyirendszerunk a reform útján (The Changes in Our Economic Policy and Monetary System in Connection With the Reform). Budapest, Kozgasdasagi es Jogi Konyvkiado, 1985, 326 pp. 72 forints.

Harold Lydall. Yugoslav Socialism: Theory and Practice. London and New York, Oxford University Press, 1984, 302 pp. £18.50.

Saul Estrin, Self‐management: economic theory and Yugoslav practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, x + 264 pp., £27.50.

Nora Beloff, Tito's Flawed Legacy, Yugoslavia and the West: 1939 to 1984. Victor Gollancz Ltd, London 1985, maps, bibliography, index; 287 pp; £12.95.

Adam Bromke, Eastern Europe in the Aftermath of Solidarity. Boulder: East European Monographs, Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York. 1985. viii + 206 pp. $29.00.

Stanley M. Max, The United States, Great Britain and the Sovietisation of Hungary, 1945–48. Colorado: Eastern European Monographs, 1985, 195 pp. $26.00.

Phillip J. Bryson, The Consumer Under Socialist Planning: The East‐German Case, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1984, x + 206 pp. £33.95.

Roy Allison, Finland's Relations with the Soviet Union 1944–84. London and Basingstoke: (Macmillan in Association with St Antony's College, Oxford), 1985. ix + 211 pp. £25.

Paolo Spriano, Stalin and the European Communists, London, Verso, 1985. 315 pp. £16.95.

Gwyn Prins ed, The Choice, Nuclear Weapons versus Security. (London, Chatto and Windus, Hogarth Press, 1984, xvii + 251 pp. £12.95 hardback, £6.95 paperback.)

Anthony Arnold, Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective (Revised and enlarged edition). Stanford University, Stanford, Ca, Hoover Institution Press, 1985, xix + 179 pp. $10.95 (paperback).

Nish Jamgotch, Jr. ed. Sectors of Mutual Benefit in U.S. ‐ Soviet Relations. Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 1985, xxii + 254 pp. £35.00 (hardback).

John Massey Stewart and Alan Wood, Siberia: Two Historical Perspectives, The Great Britain‐USSR Association and the School of Slavonic and East European Studies: London, 1984, 50 pp. £4.50 (UK), £4.95 (elsewhere in Europe), £6.25 (Rest of World [airmail]).

Tatyana Mamonova, ed. Women and Russia. Feminist Writings from the Soviet Union, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1984. xxiii + 273 pp. £19.50 h/b £5.95 p/b.

D. V. Filat'ev, Katastrofa Belogo dvizheniya v Sibiri: Vpechatleniya ochevidtsa. Paris: YMCA‐Press, 1985. 142 pp.

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ed., Information Bulgaria, A Short Encyclopaedia of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, translated by Sofia Press Agency, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1985, 976 pp, index, bibliographies, maps, tables, £98.

Robert Weiner, Romanian Foreign Policy and the United Nations. (New York: Praeger, 1984), 206 pp. $28.95).

Zbigniew Landau and Jerzy Tomaszewski, The Polish Economy in the Twentieth Century. (Croom Helm, Beckenham, 1985). vi + 346 pp. £25.00.

John N. Stevens, Czechoslovakia at the Crossroads. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985, xiv + 349 pp., $35.00.

Karel Vítek, Problémy man?elské rovnováhy. [Problems of marital equilibrium] Prague, 1985, 284 pp. p/b K?s 26.00.  相似文献   

188.
Few studies have examined the adjustment of battered women and their children after exiting domestic violence shelters. Participants were 62 women who had endured severe partner abuse, completed a shelter program with their children, and resided in the community for at least 6 months. Field interviews concerned mothers' and children's abuse histories and included measures of maternal depression, maternal trauma, and child behavior problems. Nearly all women had lived violence free since shelter exit. Child internalizing behaviors were associated with direct abuse, maternal depression, and shelter program. Externalizing behaviors were related to maternal depression and shelter program. Neither severity of interparental violence nor maternal trauma symptoms was related to child behavior problems. Mothers' family of-origin abuse predicted current satisfaction with child functioning, beyond the effects of maternal depression and child behavioral problems. Findings suggest a need for postshelter therapeutic services and further research addressing the adjustment of such families.  相似文献   
189.
Randy Stevenson Department of Political Science, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251–1892 e-mail: rduch{at}uh.edu (corresponding author) e-mail: stevenso{at}ruf.rice.edu Voters use observed economic performance to infer the competenceof incumbent politicians. These economic perceptions enter thevoter's utility calculations modified by a weight that is minimizedwhen the variance in exogenous shocks to the economy is verylarge relative to the variance in economic outcomes associatedwith the competence of politicians. Cross-national variationsin the political and economic context systematically increaseor undermine the voter's ability to ascertain the competencyof incumbents. We test one hypothesis: As policy-making responsibilityis shared more equally among parties, economic evaluations willbe more important in the vote decision. We employ two multilevelmodeling procedures for estimating the contextual variationsin micro-level economic voting effects: a conventional pooledapproach and a two-stage procedure. We compare the multivariateresults of a pooled method with our two-stage estimation procedureand conclude that they are similar. Our empirical efforts usedata from 163 national surveys from 18 countries over a 22-yearperiod.  相似文献   
190.
Zusammenfassung Auch wenn Alexis de Tocqueville einen geringeren Einfluss auf das franz?sische Denken des 19. Jahrhunderts ausgeübt hat als Fran?ois Guizot oder Auguste Comte, so ist er uns dennoch n?her. Sein Werk stellt nicht nur einen Eckpfeiler der Ideengeschichte dar, es erm?glicht uns vielmehr ein besseres Verst?ndnis moderner Gesellschaften — insbesondere der franz?sischen. Seine gro?e Originalit?t, derer er sich vollkommen bewusst war, beruht zu gro?en eilen auf seiner Methodologie. Seine "neue politische Wissenschaft“ ist durch fünf Charakteristika ekennzeichnet: Erstens beruht sie auf dem Prinzip der Wertfreiheit; zweitens ist ihr Ziel die Erkl?rung der sozio-politischen Ph?nomene mit Hilfe einer allgemein-wissenschaftlichen Vorgehensweise; drittens schreibt sie der vergleichenden Vorgehensweise eine strategische Rolle zu; viertens sieht sie ihre Aufgabe in der Suche nach konditionalen Gesetzen, wobei diese als Resultate individueller Verhaltensweisen im Sinne Webers interpretiert werden und charakteristische gesellschaftliche Prozesse aufzeigen sollen; fünftens schlie?lich definiert sie den Begriff der „guten Theorie“ ausgehend von Kriterien, die in der Erkenntnistheorie auch noch heute allgemein anerkannt sind. Die Modernit?t der Tocqueville’schen Methodologie erkl?rt die St?rke seiner Analysen im zweitenBand von über die Demokratie in Amerika sowie in Der alte Staat und die Revolution, den beiden Werken, die hier vor allem Berücksichtigung finden werden. Seine Methodologie erlaubt es Tocqueville, kontinuierlich wirkende, grundlegende Tendenzen der modernen, insbesondere der franz?sischen Gesellschaft zu identifizieren. Daher rührt der Eindruck zeitloser Jugend, den Tocquevilles Werk vermittelt.
Summary Tocqueville’s influence has been less pronounced than that of several of his contemporaries, e.g. Guizot or Auguste Comte, but he is closer to us: not only is he a great figure in the history of ideas, he provides us with tools and ideas which help us in understanding modern societies. His deep originality, of which he was fully aware, is to a large extent the consequence of his methodology. The “new science of politics” he developed is characterized by five features. 1) It rests upon the principle of value neutrality. It follows the objective of explaining social and political phenomena by procedures used by all sciences. 2) It gives central strategic value to comparative analysis. 3) It pays central attention to the discovery of conditional laws, i.e. “if A, then B”, and interprets these laws as being driven by understandable motivations and reasons on the part of indiindividual social actors. 4) It identifies typical social mechanisms and processes. 5) It defines implicitly the notion of “good theory” by the criteria accepted by modern epistemologists. The accuracy and validity of Tocqueville’s methodology is responsible for the force of his analyses in the second volume of Democracy in America and in The Old Regime and the Revolution, the two works more particularly taken into consideration here. Thanks to his methodology, he was able to identify a number of significant and important trends characterizing modern societies and the French society in particular. Hence the impression of eternal youth the reader easily experiences when reading his more than one and a half century old work.

Résumé Bien qu’il ait eu moins d’influence sur la pensée fran?aise du 19ème siècle que Fran?ois Guizot ou Auguste Comte, Tocqueville est aujourd’hui plus proche de nous. Son oeuvre ne constitue pas seulement un monument de l’histoire des idées, elle nous permet également de mieux comprendre les sociétés modernes — en particulier la société fran?aise. Sa grande originalité, dont il était parfaitement conscient, repose en grande partie sur sa méthode. Sa „nouvelle science politique“ présente cinq caractéristiques majeures: Premièrement, elle repose sur le principe de la neutralité axiologique; deuxièmement, elle a pour but d’expliquer les phénomènes socio- politiques par une démarche scientifique; troisièmement, elle accorde un r?le stratégique à la démarche comparative; quatrièmement, elle s’applique à rechercher des lois conditionnelles, qu’elle interprète comme la résultante des comportements individuels au sens de Weber et qui sont censées mettre en évidence des processus sociaux typiques; enfin, cinquièmement, elle définit le concept de la „bonne théorie“ sur la base de critères aujourd’hui encore largement admis en épistémologie. La modernité de la méthode tocquevillienne explique la force des analyses consignées dans le second volume de De la démocratie en Amérique et dans L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution, les deux oeuvres qui retiendront ici plus particulièrement l’attention. Grace à sa méthode, Tocqueville est en mesure d’identifier des tendances durables et profondes de la société moderne, et notamment de la société fran?aise. C’est de là que provient l’impression d’éternelle jeunesse qui émane de son œuvre.
  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号