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排序方式: 共有781条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
621.
David Wright Michael Friedewald Serge Gutwirth Marc Langheinrich Emilio Mordini Rocco Bellanova Paul De Hert Kush Wadhwa Didier Bigo 《Computer Law & Security Report》2010
Surveillance is becoming ubiquitous in our society. We can also see the emergence of “smart” surveillance technologies and the assemblages (or combinations) of such technologies, supposedly to combat crime and terrorism, but in fact used for a variety of purposes, many of which are intrusive upon the privacy of law-abiding citizens. Following the dark days of 9/11, security and surveillance became paramount. More recently, in Europe, there has been a policy commitment to restore privacy to centre stage. This paper examines the legal tools available to ensure that privacy and personal data protection are respected in attempts to ensure the security of our society, and finds that improvements are needed in our legal and regulatory framework if privacy is indeed to be respected by law enforcement authorities and intelligence agencies. It then goes on to argue that privacy impact assessments should be used to sort out the necessity and proportionality of security and surveillance programmes and policies vis-à-vis privacy. 相似文献
622.
Kathryn Wright 《European Law Journal》2010,16(6):736-759
This article considers the implications of the European Commission, as primary administrative enforcer of competition law in the Union, using its own ‘preliminary reference procedure’, through observations in national court proceedings under Council Regulation 1/2003, to minimise the risks of divergent application of EU anti‐trust rules under the decentralised system of enforcement ushered in by that Regulation. It sets the scene with the relationship between the European Commission and national courts in competition law, before describing the relevant provisions of the Regulation and its accompanying Courts Notice. It then discusses the legal nature of the Commission opinion as a Union instrument. Identifying cases where the Commission has offered observations, it assesses the implications of administrative intervention in judicial decision making. It finds that greater transparency is crucial for legitimacy, legal certainty and maximum impact on consistent application. 相似文献
623.
The opportunity to do interdisciplinary research and training is both exciting and daunting. As Indiana University forges a partnership between law and psychology, graduate and law students are on the frontlines of the collaboration—present for both the rewards and the challenges of bringing two disciplines together. We are grateful for this chance to represent the voices of students involved in interdisciplinary training and education. As a third-year law student at Indiana School of Law (M.N.) and a first-year graduate student in Clinical Psychology at Indiana University (R.B.), we respond to the following questions about our interdisciplinary experiences in law and psychology. 1 相似文献
624.
Institutional theories of party system size tell us that voters and parties should anticipate the mechanical effects of electoral systems and adjust their behaviour accordingly. If these expectations hold true, then the size of the party system at the electoral and legislative levels should maintain a long-run equilibrium relationship, as the number of parties receiving votes is adjusted in response to the number of parties in the legislature. I estimate a series of error-correction models to examine this expectation in 16 Western democracies from 1950 to 2005. Party system size at the electoral level does exhibit a general, equilibrium relationship with party system size in the legislature. However, this relationship has recently disappeared in single-member-district systems. This growing disparity between party system size at the electoral and legislative levels signals important changes in the nature of electoral representation. 相似文献
625.
Patrick Sturgis Sanna Read Peter K. Hatemi Gu Zhu Tim Trull Margaret J. Wright Nicholas G. Martin 《Political Behavior》2010,32(2):205-230
A propensity to believe that fellow citizens will not act against our interests in social and economic transactions has been
identified as key to the effective functioning of democratic polities. Yet the causes of this type of ‘generalized’ or ‘social’
trust are far from clear. To date, researchers within the social and political sciences have focused almost exclusively on
social-developmental and political/institutional features of individuals and societies as the primary causal influences. In
this paper we investigate the intriguing possibility that social trust might have a genetic, as well as an environmental basis.
We use data collected from samples of monozygotic and dizygotic twins to estimate the additive genetic, shared environmental,
and non-shared environmental components of trust. Our results show that the majority of the variance in a multi-item trust
scale is accounted for by an additive genetic factor. On the other hand, the environmental influences experienced in common
by sibling pairs have no discernable effect; the only environmental influences appear to be those that are unique to the individual.
Our findings problematise the widely held view that the development of social trust occurs through a process of familial socialization
at an early stage of the life course. 相似文献
626.
627.
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society - Although the term ‘cultural diplomacy’ is familiar, it was infrequently used before the end of the Cold War. In fact,... 相似文献
628.
Andrew F. Baird Candice S. Campanaro Joanna L. Eisele Thomas Hall James D. Wright 《Society》2014,51(4):404-407
This article presents findings from an exploratory, qualitative examination of an intensive outpatient treatment program for homeless women recovering from substance dependence disorders. Structured interviews of seven current program clients and three graduates of the program were conducted to ascertain how clients maintain their sobriety in addition to meeting the unique challenges of being homeless. Based on these interviews, there are four main concerns discussed: lack of communication between service providers, inconsistency in personnel during recovery, inconsistency in relapse policies, and clients feeling ill prepared to live in the “real world” after program completion. 相似文献
629.
630.
Informed by psychosocial theoretical constructs, this study explores dynamic processes that underlie behaviors of what we call youth relational violence. The paper challenges earlier studies about teen dating violence that use models of adult domestic violence to inform the work, and posits, instead, that youth relational violence is not domestic, occurs beyond the scope of committed partnerships, and varies broadly in the degree and qualities of the relational dyads in which it occurs. Data from participants in targeted and random focus groups (n = 84) consider the social and economic context of a rural and small-town region. The study makes no gender assumptions about abusive teen relationships, nor does it limit data sources and analyses to heterosexual dyads. It conceptualizes elements of power and attachment, and operationalizes them into analyzable data forms, toward the development of a theoretical model that will inform research and practice about violence between teens in relational dyads. Whereas research in the last decade has focused principally on prevalence and evaluation, this paper introduces an exploration of dynamic processes that underlie power, tolerance of abuse, vulnerability to perpetration and victimization, and degree of attachment as it relates to abuse and power dynamics. 相似文献