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741.
This paper examines attempts by French and UK governments to fill the gap between the US and Europe with respect to the creation
of academic spin-offs. Analysis of the contrasting cases of the UK and France, shows that there is no convergence of national
policies to foster the creation of firms by academics. Rather, the two countries demonstrate different rationales and approaches
to policy in this area. In UK, the rationale for spin-off policy is mainly to develop a third stream of financing. Spin-offs
are a part of a policy to commercialize technology and knowledge created by universities. Policy is at the university level,
leading to the creation of diverse structures. Public schemes bring public money directly to universities. In France, the
rationale for policy towards the creation of new ventures by academics is the development of high technology new ventures
as part of a technological entrepreneurship policy. The notion of a third stream of financing for universities is an argument
that is never advanced. The UK has placed the universities at the heart of policies aimed at the creation of spin-offs, this
is not the case in France. 相似文献
742.
Political Behavior - Recent evidence indicates that partisans discriminate against those from the opposing party. However, it is still unclear whether partisan out-group prejudice reveals a desire... 相似文献
743.
Shaun Goldfinch Ross Taplin Robin Gauld 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2021,80(1):3-11
Using an online panel, we surveyed a representative sample of 500 each in Australia and New Zealand during July 2020, in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemic. We find trust in government has increased dramatically, with around 80% of respondents agreeing government was generally trustworthy. Around three quarters agreed management of the pandemic had increased their trust in government. Over 85% of respondents have confidence that public health scientists work in the public interest. Testing four hypotheses, we find that income and education predict trust in government and confidence in public health scientists, as does voting for the political party in government. Trust in government and confidence in public health scientists strongly predict Covid-19 phone application use, largely through convincing people the App is beneficial. Trust in government then is both an outcome and antecedent of government effectiveness. Building trust is important for governments implementing difficult policy responses during a crisis. 相似文献
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Robin Bradley Kar 《Law & social inquiry》2017,42(1):38-48
Interdisciplinary work in the law often starts and stops with the social sciences. To produce a complete understanding of how law, evolutionary game‐theoretic insights must, however, supplement these more standard social scientific methods. To illustrate, this article critically examines The Force of Law by Frederick Schauer and The Expressive Powers of Law by Richard McAdams. Combining the methods of analytic jurisprudence and social psychology, Schauer clarifies the need for a philosophically respectable and empirically well‐grounded account of the ubiquity of legal sanctions. Drawing primarily on economic and social psychological paradigms, McAdams highlights law's potential to alter human behavior through expressions that coordinate. Still, these contributions generate further puzzles about how law works, which can be addressed using evolutionary game‐theoretic resources. Drawing on these resources, this article argues that legal sanctions are ubiquitous to law not only because they can motivate legal compliance, as Schauer suggests, but also because they provide the general evolutionary stability conditions for intrinsic legal motivation. In reaction to McAdams, this article argues that law's expressive powers can function to coordinate human behavior only because humans are naturally and culturally evolved to share a prior background agreement in forms of life. Evolutionary game‐theoretic resources can thus be used to develop a unified framework from within which to understand some of the complex interrelationships between legal sanctions, intrinsic legal motivation, and law's coordinating power. Going forward, interdisciplinary studies of how law works should include greater syntheses of contemporary insights from evolutionary game theory. 相似文献
746.
Snitching and the Code of the Street 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rosenfeld Richard; Jacobs Bruce A.; Wright Richard 《British Journal of Criminology》2003,43(2):291-309
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749.
His latest book is Reproduction and Succession: Studies in Anthropology, Law, and Society,published by Transaction. A collection of essays, The Challenge of Anthropology: Old Encounters and New Excursions,is forthcoming from the same publisher. 相似文献
750.
This paper is concerned with the implications of a disparity between payment- and compensation-based measures of economic
loss, examined in the context of contingent valuation survey methods. We first argue that a measure based on individuals'
compensation demanded (CD), rather than their willingness to pay (WTP), is appropriate when losses are proposed and that disparities
between WTP and CD measures often are real rather than artifactual. We then point out some of the problems involved in estimating
CD measures, relate these to several hypotheses about people's behavior, and conclude that they present a formidable challenge
to the accurate estimation of welfare losses. Finally, several guidelines are proposed regarding the use and further development
of compensation-based measures of economic value. 相似文献