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181.
Melissa L. Robinson Grayson N. Holmbeck Roberta Paikoff 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):453-464
A sample of 146 African American adolescents living in impoverished neighborhoods with high HIV rates participated in the
Chicago HIV Prevention and Adolescent Mental Health Project (CHAMP), a longitudinal study of adolescent HIV risk exposure.
The current study examined self-reported reasons why African American adolescents may participate in risky sexual behavior.
Adolescents completed a questionnaire regarding their sexual behaviors and reasons for having sex at Wave 3 of data collection.
Findings from the study revealed that females used condoms less consistently while males had more sexual partners and sexually
debuted earlier. Regression analyses also indicated that males were more likely to endorse self-esteem enhancing reasons for
having sex and those who did also reported a higher number of sexual partners. Males were more likely to endorse power-related
reasons for having sex and those who did tended to sexually debut earlier. Across both genders, results suggested that those
adolescents who endorsed more self-esteem enhancing reasons for having sex were less likely to use condoms consistently. Implications
for prevention programs and future research are discussed.
Doctoral candidate in the Clinical Psychology Program at Loyola University Chicago. She received her Master of Arts from Loyola
University Chicago in Clinical Psychology. Her research interests are in HIV/AIDS prevention in African American communities,
particularly amongst adolescent girls.
Professor of Clinical Psychology and Director of Clinical Training at Loyola University. He received his Ph.D. in Clinical
Psychology from Virginia Commonwealth University. His interests lie in family relations during early and late adolescence,
developmental psychopathology, the interface between developmental psychology and clinical child psychology, pediatric psychology
(e.g., adolescents with physical disabilities), statistical applications in psychology, and research design.
Associate Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry at the University of Illinois at Chicago. She received her Ph.D. in Child
Psychology from the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis Her research interests lie in normative developmental processes
during the transition to adolescence. 相似文献
182.
Marc Robinson 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1996,55(1):48-62
A proposal by the Fahey government in late 1994 to amend the NSW state Constitution so as to require 'balanced' budgets is one of a number of signs which suggest that the simple notion that total government expenditure should not exceed total tax revenue has gained real influence in Australia, particularly at the state level. This article explains why fiscal responsibility does not require overall budget balance. A balanced budget requirement of this type is not appropriate even if one were to make allowances for recession-induced ('cyclical') deficits, and to seek to ban only 'structural' deficits. The reason for this is there are inherent irregularities in capital expenditure, and only through varying debt levels is it possible to reconcile reasonable stability of tax levels with stable levels of provision of public services (including services from public capital infrastructure). 相似文献
183.
Jean Robinson 《政策研究评论》1989,8(3):648-662
This paper analyzes marriage and divorce reform and family planning policies in the People's Republic of China in the context of the state-defined collective interest. A theoretical examination of the contradictions between women's liberation and the Marxist defined economic and political concerns of the state shows that liberation cannot be achieved until the state acknowledges the values of social reproduction and family nurturance. The empirical discussion of recent reforms in family policies in China points to the continuing manipulation of women's interests by the state. The tendency of the PRC government to make policy based on narrow economic considerations results in the maintenance of a system in which women's special interests are exclude from the collective interest and thus denied legitimacy. 相似文献
184.
Joseph P. Robinson‐Cimpian Karen D. Thompson 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2016,35(2):279-305
When students labeled English Learners (ELs) are reclassified as Fluent English Proficient, changes often occur in services and settings (e.g., changes in teachers, peers, and ancillary services). Policymakers play an important role in the reclassification process because they establish test‐based criteria that an EL must attain in order to become reclassified. If the criteria established by policymakers are incongruent with the instructional changes that result from reclassification, then services and settings may be denied to students who would otherwise benefit from them. In response to teachers’ and administrators’ concerns that some ELs who were reclassified were not succeeding without additional supports, California policymakers in 2006 to 2007 changed the reclassification criteria. In this paper, we examine the effects of changing these criteria using data on Latino/a students from the Los Angeles Unified School District, the U.S. district serving the largest number of ELs. Using “difference‐in‐regression‐discontinuities” approaches, we find consistent evidence that this policy change, which increased the difficulty of attaining the test‐based criteria for EL reclassification eligibility, had significant effects on high‐school students’ subsequent English language arts achievement (0.18 SDs) and graduation outcomes (11 percentage points). Specifically, when the criteria for reclassification were lower, students experienced negative effects of reclassification; but when the criteria were raised, students no longer experienced these negative effects. Highlighting the complex interplay between assessments, instruction, and policy, these findings demonstrate the important role policymakers play in the academic success of ELs and speak to policymaker considerations when implementing assessment and accountability systems. 相似文献
185.
Eric Robinson 《Communication Law & Policy》2016,21(3):323-381
The law recognizes several evidentiary privileges, including a qualified privilege recognized by statute or court precedent in forty-eight states and several federal circuits that allows journalists to protect confidential sources. Meanwhile, ethical practices for social science surveys require pledging confidentiality to respondents, a practice that can conflict with subpoenas and court orders requiring revelation of such information. Only a handful of court decisions have formally recognized a privilege for scholars similar to a reporters’ privilege, and an examination of the court decisions that have either ruled on or discussed the issue reveals that while many courts recognize the interests of scholars in confidentiality, most courts decline to recognize a legal privilege for researchers. Courts do, however, often limit disclosure to accommodate these concerns. The specific circumstances and rationales of these decisions are discussed and analyzed. 相似文献
186.
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189.
Matthew B. Robinson 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2000,24(2):169-179
This paper isolates crime prevention policy implications which stem from a series of interrelated environmental studies of
residential burglaries. A number of crime prevention strategies are developed using a systems approach. It is argued that
changes made to the environments of individuals, groups, communities, organizations, and society can achieve lower risks of
residential burglary victimization. 相似文献
190.
Theim KR Sinton MM Stein RI Saelens BE Thekkedam SC Welch RR Epstein LH Wilfley DE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(1):86-97
Developmentally relevant high-risk dietary situations (e.g., parties where tempting foods are available) may influence overweight
youth’s weight control, as they increase risk for overeating. Better self-efficacy for coping with these situations—which
preadolescents may learn from their parents—could foster successful weight control. Overweight preadolescents (N = 204) ages 7–12 years (67% female), each with one parent, separately completed the Hypothetical High-Risk Situation Inventory
(HHRSI) pre- and post-weight loss treatment. The HHRSI assesses temptation to overeat and confidence in refraining from overeating
in response to four high-risk dietary scenarios. Participants generated coping strategies for each scenario. Coping strategies
and confidence increased and temptation decreased from pre- to post-weight loss treatment. Parents’ increase in confidence
from pre- to post-treatment was associated with preadolescents’ and parents’ weight loss. Tailoring treatments to enhance
parents’ coping skills (e.g., building strategies, targeting high temptation/low confidence scenarios) may maximize preadolescents’
weight control. 相似文献