Some factors of resistance to Chilo suppressalis in rice varieties

Incorporation of fresh-plant water extracts of resistant and susceptible rice varieties into artificial media showed that larvae ofChilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have a definite preference for the susceptible variety (Rexoro) over a resistant variety (TKM 6), and suffered significantly poor growth on the other resistant variety (Taitung 16). Antibiosis in TKM 6 and Taitung 16 is attributed, at least in part, to biophysical and biochemical factors, respectively.

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Zusammenfassung Wasserextrakte von Frischpflanzen von anf?lligen (Rexoro) und resistenten (TKM 6 und Taitung 16) Reissorten wurden in Laboruntersuchungen verwendet, um einige Resistenzfaktoren gegenüberChilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) zu identifizieren. Extrakte von Rexoro und TKM 6, eingearbeitet in Agar-Zucker-Zellulose-Medium, zeigten, da? die Larven eine eindeutige Vorliebe für die anf?llige Sorte (Rexoro) hatten. Larven, die an künstlicher Di?t mit eingearbeitetem Extrakt von Taitung 16 gehalten wurden, zeigten signifikant schlechteres Wachstum. Antibiosis bei TKM 6 und Taitung 16 wird, zum mindestens teilweise, zurückgeführt auf biophysikalische bzw. biochemische Faktoren.

     

Death certificates in Germany, England, The Netherlands, Belgium and the USA

Every country has its own legal system regarding post mortem examinations and death certificates. The authorities want to know the cause and the manner of death of their citizens and especially whether someone is responsible for the death of someone else. In this article a comparison is made between the legal regulations in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, England and the USA. Specific attention is given to the following aspects: which official performs the post mortem exam, what is the role of the attending physician by issuing the death certificate and how is the privacy of the deceased protected.     

A study of fatal strangulation cases in Varanasi (India)

Strangulation is one of the oldest and widely used methods of committing murder in the Indian subcontinent. It is usually carried out by constricting the neck either with the hands, elbow, or other parts of body or by ligature, stick, and the like. In this paper we report a study of 26 cases of fatal strangulation occurring in the district of Varanasi (India) during 1982-1983 and analyze their epidemiological, medicolegal, and forensic pathological aspects. The paper also projects the mentality of perpetrators who, after strangling their victims, tried to hide the crime by disposing of the dead bodies by burning, burying, hanging, throwing them into water, or concealing them in distant places in most of the cases.     

Specialization and seriousness during adult criminal careers

Crime-type switching between arrests is examined for tendencies by adult offenders to specialize in crime types or to escalate in seriousness as offending continues. The adult offenders examined display higher levels of specialization than have been previously reported for juveniles; among adult offenders, those who remain criminally active until older ages are also more specialized. Also, there is some evidence of trends toward a worsening of offending: for selected crime types, adult offending becomes more specialized and escalates in seriousness for white offenders. However, similar trends are not observed for black adult offenders.Work on this paper was completed while at the School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University.     

Fatal Cleistanthus collinus Toxicity: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Cleistanthus collinus is an extremely toxic plant poison. We report a case of suicidal ingestion of boiled water decoction of C. collinus where the patient presented with abdominal pain and giddiness. There was persistent metabolic acidosis and fluctuation in the level of serum potassium. The ECG changes indicated a probable myocardial injury with conduction abnormality. At autopsy, the viscera were found to be congested. The toxins were detected in the viscera and blood by TLC and HPLC. Cleistanthin A and B, collinusin, and diphyllin are the principal toxic constituents of the plant. Consumption of a boiled decoction of leaves is highly toxic and, medical management of patients is mainly supportive because the molecular mechanisms of toxin action are unknown. In the recent years, C. collinus has created a considerable amount of interest because of its complex metabolites and their cytotoxic activities. Through this study, the authors have tried to highlight different properties pertaining to C. collinus.