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961.
At the turn of the 20th century in the United Kingdom and Australia, legislation was introduced to detain and treat "inebriates". Since that time, variations of such laws have continued to exist. This column examines current laws in Australia and New Zealand with a particular focus on recent law reform efforts in New South Wales and Victoria. The column raises some of the issues with these laws in relation to breaching human rights for the purpose of treatment. 相似文献
962.
Sarah Carmichael 《The History of the Family》2011,16(4):416
This paper examines age at first marriage for women and spousal age gap as an indicator for female agency from 1950 to 2005. Using a dataset of 77 LDCs this paper seeks to explore which variables determine differences at a country level in marriage patterns. We look at the influence of urbanisation, education, percentage population of Muslim faith, and family type. We find that education is a key in determining at what age women marry, having as would be expected a positive effect on age at first marriage and depressing spousal age gap. Urbanisation is significant, with a positive effect on age and negative on spousal age gap, although the effect is not very large. The percentage Muslim variable depresses female age at first marriage and increases spousal age gap but only when family type is not controlled for. The initially strong negative effect of percentage population Muslim over the period under consideration on age of first marriage has decreased, which raises some interesting questions about the role of Islam in female empowerment. 相似文献
963.
Sarah Dornhof 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》2011,97(1):110-129
In 2008, Dutch anti-Islam Member of Parliament Geert Wilders produced a short video called Fitna to visualize his argument that Islam is a dangerous religion. Thousands of men and women across the globe uploaded their own videos to YouTube to criticize or support the film. In this article, we look at these alternative videos from a feminist perspective, contrasting the gender portrayal and narratives in Fitna with those in the alternative videos. We contend that Fitna expressed an extremist Orientalist discourse, in which women are presented as the current and future victims of the oppression of Muslim men and Islam. In contrast, the YouTube videos give voice to women themselves who come from across the globe, are relatively young and often active Muslims. Second, they express different view points in generically new ways, criticizing and ridiculing Wilders or producing serious and committed explanations of their own understanding of Islam. Third, although relatively few women appeared in the videos, those that did speak for themselves, not only take on Wilders, but also claim their right to speak within Islam. We propose to understand these videos as acts of citizenships through which women constitute themselves as global citizens, in some cases by engaging in ‘deliberation’ as it is understood in feminist political theory, in other cases by taking a ‘voice’ that can be responded to. 相似文献
964.
Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman Julia A. Graber Tracy R. Nichols Gilbert J. Botvin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(1):48-58
The theory of sensation seeking has conceptualized this construct as a stable personality trait associated with a variety
of problem behaviors. Reckless behavior theory posits that increases in reckless behavior during adolescence can be attributed,
in part, to increases in sensation seeking. This study evaluated patterns of stability and change in sensation seeking among
868 urban, minority youth (53% female), followed longitudinally across middle school (6th–8th grades). Group-based trajectory
analysis identified a stable low group (20%), a moderate increasing group (60%), and a stable high group (20%) each of which
demonstrated unique associations with changes in problem behaviors. Stable low sensation seekers reported consistently low
levels of aggression, delinquency, and substance use across middle school. Moderate increasing sensation seekers reported
significant increases in these risk behaviors over time from levels near zero in the 6th grade. Stable high sensation seekers
reported high, stable levels of aggression and delinquency upon entry into middle school as well as significant increases
in substance use across middle school. These results lend support to both theories and highlight a need for caution when categorizing
adolescents as high or low sensation seekers. 相似文献
965.
Previous research on adolescent girls in relationships with older partners suggests a range of negative outcomes for the adolescent.
Using three waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health and a life course perspective, we explore
the connection between involvement in age discordant relationships (girls dating males three or more years older) and the
course of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Our analyses are conducted on the 1,307 girls with data at all three
waves who had been in a relationship in the last 18 months. The sample is 55% White, 22% Black, 7% other race and 16% Latina.
When comparing early adolescent girls (13–15) and late adolescent girls (16–18), the younger girls are no more likely to have
depressive symptoms before entry into the age discordant relationship, yet have greater depressive symptoms shortly after
the relationship onset and 5 years later. Older adolescent girls in age discordant relationships, however, have similar levels
of depressive symptoms at any time point relative to their peers. These data suggest that a girl’s developmental stage influences
whether or not she experiences emotional distress as a result of being in an age discordant relationship. 相似文献
966.
Gustavo Carlo Lisa J. Crockett Jamie L. Wilkinson Sarah J. Beal 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1192-1202
While many adolescents and young adults experiment with substances (e.g., alcohol, cigarette smoking, marijuana), recent research
suggests that rural youth and young adults may be more at risk for substance use than their urban counterparts. This study
was designed to examine the longitudinal relationships between rural adolescents’ prosocial behaviors and substance use in
young adulthood. Furthermore, we examined the potential mediating effects of adolescent substance use, academic investment,
and delinquency. Rural youth (N = 531; 263 girls) were surveyed in grades 10–12 (Time 1; M age = 16.17; SD = .91) and again in early adulthood (Time 2). Measures of prosocial behaviors, substance use, academic investment,
and deviant activities were assessed at Time 1. At Time 2, measures of marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and getting drunk
were administered. Overall, the findings showed that rural adolescents who frequently exhibit prosocial behaviors are less
likely to engage in substance use in young adulthood than those who exhibit relatively low levels of prosocial behaviors.
These findings indicate that prosocial behaviors may have positive health consequences, establishing behavioral trajectories
that lead to lower levels of risky health behaviors in adulthood in rural populations. 相似文献
967.
Sarah Bracke 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》2011,98(1):28-46
This article attends to the transformation of national identity that occurs in the context of ‘the multicultural debate’ in the Netherlands, and unfolds on the terrain of Dutch (secular and sexual) exceptionalism. First, it explores the connections between two topics that are prominent in the ‘multicultural debates’ all over Europe and undergird the civilizational discourse of a post-Cold War geopolitical era: discussions about secularism on the one hand, and gender and sexual politics on the other. Through a mode of ‘secular nostalgia’, which mobilizes the understanding of the Netherlands as a place par excellence of emancipation for both women and sexual minorities, the Dutch secular arrangement is restructured in new exclusionary ways. Second, it explores how dominant discourses on the symbolic and material borders of the nation interpellate young Muslim women who often figure as the central ‘subjects of debate’. I rely on the notion of interpellation (Althusser) to explore the question of subject formation, with a particular attention to the epistemological conditions of ‘talking back’ as a subject whose constituency and agency is always already informed by the terms in which she is addressed. 相似文献
968.
Sarah Zukerman Daly 《冲突、安全与发展》2011,11(2):145-174
Anecdotal evidence points to a significant relationship between repression and rebellion and yet the quantitative civil war literature ignores state strategies, deeming them endogenous or perfectly correlated with polity type. This article seeks to bring the state back in again and examine the causes of states' strategies and the effects of these strategies on non-violent mobilisation. It finds that, under certain circumstances, a state's response to a peaceful opposition movement depends not on its institutions or capacity; rather, it is a function of the state's control of the national security apparatus, autonomy from its constituents, and resources fungible for reform. Additionally, the article concludes that state policy can play a more significant role in explaining the onset of civil conflict than do structural variables such as per capita income, terrain and population size. Historical analysis of coercion and insurgency in the counterfactual case of Honduras illustrates the plausibility of this argument. 相似文献
969.
Sarah?MercerEmail author Christopher?Rogers Clare?Sandford-Couch 《Liverpool Law Review》2011,32(2):135-148
This paper offers an analysis of the qualitative evidence obtained from a research project in relation to the teaching of
a module on the Trials of Dissenters in the context of an undergraduate law degree. It will consider whether a pedagogically
innovative course has encouraged and enabled undergraduate law students to think more creatively on the issues raised by specific
historic trials and to be prepared to construct more critical and open ended arguments. The study of the Trials of Dissenters,
we hoped, would encourage our students to dissent both from the standard model of legal education and from the acceptance
of what lecturers say as “true”. We here consider the success of our project in relation to how students view dissent. 相似文献
970.