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931.
Ashley D. Lewis E. Scott Huebner Patrick S. Malone Robert F. Valois 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(3):249-262
Situated within a positive psychology perspective, this study explored linkages between adolescent students’ positive subjective
well-being and their levels of engagement in schooling. Specifically, using structural equation modeling techniques, we evaluated
the nature and directionality of longitudinal relationships between life satisfaction and student engagement variables. It
was hypothesized that adolescents’ life satisfaction and student engagement variables would show bidirectional relationships.
To test this hypothesis, 779 students (53% female, 62% Caucasian) in a Southeastern US middle school completed a measure of
global life satisfaction and measures of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement at two time points, 5 months apart.
A statistically significant bidirectional relationship between life satisfaction and cognitive engagement was found; however,
non-significant relationships were found between life satisfaction and emotional and behavioral student engagement. The findings
provide important evidence of the role of early adolescents’ life satisfaction in their engagement in schooling during the
important transition grades between elementary and high school. The findings also help extend the positive psychology perspective
to the relatively neglected context of education. 相似文献
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Ian Scott 《公共行政管理与发展》1989,9(2):185-199
This article is primarily concerned with the functions of bureaucracy in a minimal state and with how those functions might change in response to economic growth. It is predicated on the assumption that bureaucracy is necessary for economic growth even in those countries which seek to achieve such growth through the relatively free operation of the economy within the rubric of a capitalist state. Hong Kong is a case in point. Although it has often been taken as the epitome of the benefits which can be derived from keeping government out of the economy, the bureaucracy has in fact played a critical role in support of economic development. Aside from the functions which must be performed by any state, such as the maintenance of law and order, the administration of justice, and the provision of public works, three features of Hong Kong bureaucratic practice appear to have been important in the definition of the bureaucracy's tasks in the economic growth process. These are ‘value for money’ and the constant need to justify government expenditure; effective line implementation; and the ability to manage crises. If these constitute minimal essential requirements for such governments, they may provide useful criteria which small or micro-states, following capital growth models but not yet experiencing rapid economic development, can apply in assessing the capabilities of their own bureaucracies. 相似文献
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The primary aim of this study is to determine the association between alcohol, violence related cognitive risk factors, and impulsivity with the perpetration of partner violence among current drinkers. A probability sample (n = 1468) of White, Black, and Hispanic couples 18 years of age or older in the United States household population was interviewed in 1995 with a response rate of 85%. The risk factors of interest included the alcohol and violence related cognitions of approval of marital aggression, alcohol as an excuse for misbehavior, and aggressive expectations following alcohol consumption as well as impulsivity. In all, 15% (216/1468) of the respondents reported perpetration of domestic violence. In addition, 24% (7/29) of those who approved of marital violence, 11% (126/1163) of those who reported alcohol use as an excuse for misbehavior, 10% (128/1257) of those who reported aggressive expectations following alcohol consumption, and 14% (99/716) of those who reported impulsivity also reported perpetration of domestic violence. Bivariate analysis indicated that all of the cognitive risk factors were significantly more common in those who reported perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) (p < 0.05). However, multivariate analysis controlling for ethnicity, education, income, age, gender, and impulsivity indicated that those who reported strong or very strong expectations of aggressive behavior following alcohol consumption were 3.2 (95% CI = 1.3–7.9) times more likely to perpetrate IPV. Although all of the alcohol and violence related cognitive risk factors were associated with the perpetration of domestic violence, expectations of aggressive behavior following alcohol consumption appeared to be the strongest predictor of the perpetration of IPV among current drinkers. Therefore, alcohol expectancy may be an important factor to assess when attempting to identify and treat perpetrators of domestic violence who are also current drinkers. 相似文献
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