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51.
Roy W. Spencer 《Society》2007,44(5):45-50
Despite the media’s and politicians’ insistence that the science of global warming is “settled”, there are good reasons to
distrust climate model projections of future global warming. While the supposed scientific consensus is that mankind is very
likely to blame for recent global warmth, this is mostly a statement of faith made from a position of relative ignorance about
natural variability in the climate system. Since we do not understand what causes decadal- to century-scale natural climate
variability, it has simply been assumed to either not exist, or to be relatively small. But even if predictions of catastrophic
warming are accurate, the worldwide demand for energy is so large that there is little mankind can do without radically new
energy technologies. Since it is only the wealthy countries of the world that can afford the R&D efforts to develop those
technologies, punishing the use of fossil fuels, and the resulting negative impact on economies, might well delay the development
of cost effective carbon-free energy sources that so many people are now calling for.
相似文献
Roy W. SpencerEmail: |
52.
Stereotype threat effects occur when members of a stigmatized group perform poorly on a task because they fear confirming
a negative stereotype that is associated with their ingroup. The present study investigates whether the observed achievement
gap in standardized testing between high- and low-socioeconomic status (SES) American students can be due, in part, to this
phenomenon. Participants were placed in one of four conditions that varied in level of “threat” related to socioeconomic status.
Results show that when socioeconomic identity is made salient before taking a test, or when the test is presented as diagnostic
of intelligence, low-SES students perform significantly worse, and report much lower self-confidence, than low-SES participants
in the non-threatening conditions. When threatening conditions converge, performance of low-SES students is at its worst level.
These results help us better understand the role stereotyping plays in the academic performance of low-SES students, and may
partly explain the disparity on standardized test scores between low- and high-SES students.
相似文献
Emanuele CastanoEmail: |
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Spencer Zifcak 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1997,56(3):106-119
Managerialism has made a substantial contribution to providing a more cost conscious, efficient and effective public service. But the Victorian case also raises concerns about whether managerialist techniques will be pursued within a wider constitutional, political and legal framework which recognises the need for discussion, debate and accountability in democratic policy-making. 相似文献
55.
Invited Commentary: Exploring the Promises,Intricacies, and Challenges to Positive Youth Development
We highlight the need for and critical importance of the program of research reported in this Special Issue. We emphasize that a focus on positive youth development is sorely overdue. The impressive project covering one decade, 42 states and 7,000 participants demonstrates critical contributors to positive youth development. The two identified themes emerging from the set of papers are that contexts and the nature of assets matter for youth. Collectively, the papers explored a variety of positive youth development relevant questions and utilized combinations of annual assessments and data sources from an extraordinary data base. The core methodological and conceptual flaw across papers was the under-representation of minorities in the data set, which limited the generalizability of findings. While the major shortcoming was acknowledged at the onset and recognized as a failing in each paper, nevertheless, merely conceding the flaw was seen as insufficient given the policy, practice, and research implications. The inadequate sampling and follow-up of youth from families which continue to face persistent social inequality and having the most to gain from a positive youth development conceptual strategy and was a major shortcoming; it prevented within group analyses. The co-authors note that although research decisions made limited the generalizability of the positive youth development research strategy for non-white American youth, the intended goals for inclusiveness are evident and, accordingly, suggest a level of hopefulness. 相似文献
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The authors thank Paul Fenn and Robert Dingwall for their comments on a previous version of this article. Jon Spencer is Lecturer in Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL United Kingdom. David Ward is Professor of Social and Community Studies, DeMontfort University, Scraptoft Campus, Leicester, LE7 9SU United Kingdom. 相似文献
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Jon Spencer Nicholas Lord Katie Benson Elisa Bellotti 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2018,70(5):543-560
This article utilising the work of Pearson and Hobbs [1] defines the middle market in counterfeit alcohol. Drugs markets have a resemblance to counterfeit alcohol markets in as much that they share the illicit nature of the product and the need to distribute the product at the ‘street’ level. Drawing on two case studies taken from a European regulator the article details the dynamics of the market, the enterprise actions of the actors and how law enforcement responses can, in certain circumstances, make the task of the distributors easier. The traditional notions of organised crime are challenged and organisation of counterfeit alcohol markets is viewed as being reliant upon those who have legitimate access to the market and are able to develop networks of commercial collaborators who by their position in the legitimate market are able to conceal their illicit actions. 相似文献