Coping with Conway v. Rimmer [1968] AC 910: How Civil Servants Control Access to Justice

The article, based on a review of files in the National Archives, examines the role of civil servants in claims for the suppression of state documents at trial on grounds of public interest immunity (PII). Government lawyers solicited responses from other ministries to the landmark Lords decision in Conway v. Rimmer and coordinated the civil service campaign against this unwelcome judicial intrusion into their professional domain. The decision was seen as a threat to confidentiality and the secret cultivation of administrative expertise. Academic debate on the evolution of the PII doctrine has centred on the allocation of responsibility between an overly deferential judiciary and ministerial concern to avoid political embarrassment. The role of civil servants may have been more coherent and ideologically motivated than previously appreciated. As the courts increasingly challenge government claims for suppression of material at trial, the article highlights the historical factors determining the executive's innate instinct for secrecy.     

University Students' Attitudes About Attributing Blame in Domestic Violence

This study examined university students' attitudes about attributing blame in incidents of domestic violence. The Domestic Violence Blame Scale (DVBS), which measures the attribution of blame for domestic violence to situational, perpetrator, societal, and victim factors, was used. The DVBS was administered to a voluntary sample of university students. Significant gender differences were found, with male students more likely to attribute blame to the victim for domestic violence than female students. Significant differences were also found between students with and without a prior history of violence in their family of origin. Students with prior experience of violence were more likely than their counterparts to ascribe blame for domestic violence to societal factors.     

Sodium alginate as a gelling agent in diets for the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni

Little difference was noted inTrichoplusia ni (Hüb.) reared for four generations on diets prepared with carrageenan or sodium alginate. Larvae developed faster on the carrageenan medium (a possible preadaptation or because of a difference in the ascorbic acid levels), and more eggs hatched from the sodium alginate medium. The use of sodium alginate would reduce the costs of diet ingredients and formulation.

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Zusammenfassung Keine wesentliche Differenz wurde festgestellt, wennTrichoplusia ni für vier Generationen an Di?ten mit Carrageen (1) oder mit Natrium-Alginat (2) gro?gezogen wurden. Die Larven entwickelten sich schneller an (1) (m?glicherweise eine Pr?adaption oder als Folge einer Differenz im Ascorbins?uregehalt), der Larvenschlupf war bei (2) h?her. Die Verwendung von (2) senkt die Kosten für Di?tsubstanzen und für die Formulierung.