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131.
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Steven D. Rittenmeyer 《Journal of criminal justice》1981,9(5):389-395
In what appears to be an outgrowth of the feminist movement and concomitant revelations concerning spousal abuse in America, a new concept in criminal jurisprudence, popularly known as the battered wife syndrome defense, has arisen. Increasingly, abused women who kill their husbands are claiming that their acts were justified, not solely because of the exigency of the circumstance which directly led to the death, but because of sociological, psychological, and legal factors which operate effectively to deprive them of alternatives. This note discusses the validity of the new defense in light of existing law and posits that the claim rests upon a contorted legal foundation, that it could not stand but for an invidious gender-based discrimination violative of Fourteenth-Amendment guarantees, and that it promotes family violence. 相似文献
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Steven F. Messner 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1992,8(2):155-173
This paper examines the common practice in cross-national research on homicide of using crime estimates for a multiyear period based on a smaller number of years than theoretically desired because of erratic data reporting for selected nations. Correlations between hypothetical baseline rates and various alternative estimates are examined to simulate the potential consequences of using temporally incomplete data rather than data for the full multiyear period of interest. The results reveal that this common practice is likely to be highly acceptable for certain national samples but less acceptable for others. The paper concludes with suggestions for dealing with potentially problematic cases. 相似文献
136.
The Russian military-industrial sector, like the economy generally is undergoing a turbulent transformation. Property rights, institutional arrangements, regulatory mechanisms and procurement demand are in rapid flux. In 1992 weapons production declined drastically, variously estimated between 20 and 67 percent, but arms contracts for 1993 are reported to be double last year's volume. This essay attempts to illuminate key elements of Russia's military-industrial transition by analyzing how property rights, tax and regulatory reforms of the sorts advocated by Alexsandr Isaev and Anatoly Chubais are apt to effect efficiency and military-industrial conversion. It is shown that while collectivist ownership could enhance economic efficiency, despite the usual Ward-Domar effects, Yeltsin's market reforms may not be sufficient to foster large scale military-industrial conversion. 相似文献
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Steven Stack 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1995,19(2):197-214
Previous work testing the criminal opportunity/routine activities theory of burglary has been marked by three recurrent problems:
(1) a neglect of testing the theory in rural areas (2) the use of indicators which confound opportunity with disorganization
effects (3) failure to control for alternative theories of burglary. The present paper contributes to the literature by correcting
these shortcomings. The results of a multiple regression analysis of county level data from Michigan indicate that the greater
the criminal opportunity, the greater the rate of burglary. These results are independent of indicators taken from economic
strain and social disorganization theories. The model explains 69% of the variance in burglary rates overall and 84% of the
variance in rural counties. While there may be higher levels of social cohesion and lower anonymity in rural areas, these
factors are not sufficient to offset the influence of criminal opportunity. 相似文献
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