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351.
Cornelius TL Sullivan KT Wyngarden N Milliken JC 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2009,24(6):1057-1078
This study utilizes the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine the factors related to the intention to participate in prevention programming for dating violence. Perceptions of susceptibility to future violence and the benefits of prevention programming appear to be the strongest predictors of participation in prevention programs. Perceptions of the severity of dating violence do not appear to be related to intentions to participate. There were no differences in intention between those reporting psychological or physical violence in their dating relationship, although some of the HBM factors were associated with a history of violence. Contrary to hypotheses, psychological and physical violence did not moderate the impact of the HBM factors on intention. Implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations for recruiting participants for primary and secondary prevention programs are offered. 相似文献
352.
353.
John M. Violanti Claudia C. Ma Anna Mnatsakanova Desta Fekedulegn Tara A. Hartley Ja Kook Gu Michael E. Andrew 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2018,33(3):271-282
The role of coping in the association between stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not clear. We investigated the effects of active and passive coping strategies on the associations between police stress (administrative and organization pressure, physical and psychological threats, and lack of support) and PTSD symptoms in 342 police officers. Linear regression model was used in the analyses. The association between physical and psychological stress and PTSD symptoms was stronger in officers who used lower active coping (B?=?4.34, p?<?0.001) compared to those who utilized higher active coping (p-interaction?=?0.027) (B?=?1.79, p?≤?0.003). A similar result was found between lack of support and PTSD symptoms (p-interaction?=?0.016) (lower active coping, B?=?5.70, p?<?0.001; higher active coping, B?=?3.33, p?<?0.001), but was not significantly different comparing the two groups regarding the association between administrative and organizational pressure and PTSD symptoms (p-interaction?=?0.376). Associations of total stress, administrative and organizational pressure, and physical and psychological stressors with PTSD symptoms were significantly stronger in officers who utilized higher passive coping (p-interaction?=?0.011, 0.030, and 0.023, respectively). In conclusion, low active or high passive coping methods may exacerbate the effect of work stress on PTSD symptoms. 相似文献
354.
The social climate of forensic settings is thought to impact on a number of important clinical and organisational outcomes and is, therefore, an important construct in relation to the successful functioning of forensic units. A variety of self-report questionnaires have been developed to objectively measure the social climate of forensic settings (e.g. the Correctional Institutions Environment Scale and the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema), however these questionnaires have not been validated for individuals with intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD). Given the prevalence of IDD in prison and forensic psychiatric settings and the potential impact of such cognitive deficits on the ability to complete a range of self-report questionnaires, it is important to consider the potential reliability and validity of existing social climate measures in IDD populations. This article will, therefore: (1) examine the cognitive, linguistic and response format difficulties that may arise when administering self-report measures of social climate in IDD populations; (2) consider potential adaptations to existing measures of social climate that might make them more suitable for use with IDD populations; and (3) identify important directions for future research in the area. 相似文献
355.
This article draws on health sector reform in Honduras to examine the mechanisms through which governance reforms shape the behavior of street-level bureaucrats. It combines insights from behavioral public administration with original data from lab-in-the-field workshops conducted with more than 200 bureaucrats to assess the relationship between decentralization and motivation. Findings show strong evidence that motivation, measured as self-sacrifice, is higher among bureaucrats in decentralized municipalities compared with bureaucrats in comparable centrally administered municipalities. Increased motivation is most pronounced in decentralized systems led by nongovernmental organizations compared with those led by municipal governments or associations. Additionally, the evidence suggests that higher motivation is related to changes in the composition of staff rather than socialization or changes among existing staff. Overall, this research helps move beyond indiscriminate calls for decentralization by highlighting the interplay between reform design and bureaucratic behavior, as well as the limitations of governance reforms in motivating more experienced bureaucrats. 相似文献
356.
Daniel J. Bell 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1985,1(1):26-34
The data supported prior research findings that, in general, the police response to domestic dispute and violence incidents
does not result in criminal complaints and subsequently, no action is taken. Considered separately, urban areas produce a
lower reported domestic dispute rate, but display a stronger tendency to arrest offenders under the Ohio Domestic Violence
Program and disputes result in action not being taken more often than in suburban and less often than in rural areas. Surburban
areas evidence the highest reported domestic dispute rate, the lowest tendency to initiate criminal complaints under the Ohio
Domestic Violence Program, and tend to arrest offenders less often and make fewer referrals to other agencies than urban areas.
Rural areas have a higher reported domestic dispute rate than urban areas, arrest fewer offenders, and make more referrals
to other agencies than suburban areas. The data suggested that domestic dispute and violence incidents are handled differently
by urban. suburban, and rural police jurisdictions. 相似文献
357.
John Breuilly P. M. H. Bell Saki Dockrill Kendrick Oliver Gary D. Rawnsley 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》1998,9(1):243-251
John R. Davis, Britain and the German Zollverein, 1848-66 (London: Macmillan, 1997). x + 238 pp. £45. ISBN 0-333-67828-1.
Martin Thomas, Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the Popular Front Era (Oxford and New York: Berg. 1996). xi + 268 pp. £29.95 hb; £12.95 pb. ISBN 1-85973-192-9.
Peter Lowe, Containing the Cold War in East Asia: British Policies Towards Japan, China and Korea, 1948-53 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997). xii + 288 pp. £40. ISBN 0-7190-2508-7.
David M. Barrett, Uncertain Warriors: Lyndon Johnson and His Vietnam Advisers (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1994). xii + 279 pp. £11.95 pb. ISBN 0-7006-0631-9.
Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Changing Differences: Women and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997). x + 275 pp. £14.50 pb. ISBN 0-8135-2449-0.
Philip M. Taylor, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997). xx + 248 pp. £45 hb. ISBN 0-415-11678-3; £15.99 pb. ISBN 0-415-11679-1 相似文献
Martin Thomas, Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the Popular Front Era (Oxford and New York: Berg. 1996). xi + 268 pp. £29.95 hb; £12.95 pb. ISBN 1-85973-192-9.
Peter Lowe, Containing the Cold War in East Asia: British Policies Towards Japan, China and Korea, 1948-53 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997). xii + 288 pp. £40. ISBN 0-7190-2508-7.
David M. Barrett, Uncertain Warriors: Lyndon Johnson and His Vietnam Advisers (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1994). xii + 279 pp. £11.95 pb. ISBN 0-7006-0631-9.
Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Changing Differences: Women and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997). x + 275 pp. £14.50 pb. ISBN 0-8135-2449-0.
Philip M. Taylor, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997). xx + 248 pp. £45 hb. ISBN 0-415-11678-3; £15.99 pb. ISBN 0-415-11679-1 相似文献
358.
359.
Common wisdom seems to suggest that racial bias, defined as disparate treatment of minority defendants, exists in jury decision-making,
with Black defendants being treated more harshly by jurors than White defendants. The empirical research, however, is inconsistent—some
studies show racial bias while others do not. Two previous meta-analyses have found conflicting results regarding the existence
of racial bias in juror decision-making (Mazzella & Feingold, 1994, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1315–1344; Sweeney & Haney, 1992, Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 10, 179–195). This research takes a meta-analytic approach to further investigate the inconsistencies within the empirical literature
on racial bias in juror decision-making by defining racial bias as disparate treatment of racial out-groups (rather than focusing
upon the minority group alone). Our results suggest that a small, yet significant, effect of racial bias in decision-making
is present across studies, but that the effect becomes more pronounced when certain moderators are considered. The state of
the research will be discussed in light of these findings. 相似文献
360.
Bell R 《Journal of law and medicine》2005,13(1):29-105
The Professional Services Review Scheme, established in 1994 under Pt VAA of the Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth), is a unique attempt to apply peer standards to review of Medicare services. This article examines the evolution of the scheme in the light of extensive litigation. 相似文献