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211.
In recent years a great deal of attention has turned to the need for policy-relevant research in criminology. Methodologically,
attention has been trained on the use of randomized experimental designs and cumulative systematic reviews of evidence to
accomplish this goal. Our work here reviews and demonstrates the utility of the Bayesian analytic framework, in the context
of crime prevention and justice treatment studies, as a means of furthering the goals of research synthesis and creation of
policy-relevant scientific statements. Evidence from various fields is used as a foundation for the discussion, and an empirical
example illustrates how this approach might be useful in practical criminological research. It is concluded that Bayesian
analysis offers a useful complement to existing approaches and warrants further inclusion in the ongoing discussion about
how best to assess program effectiveness, synthesize evidence, and report findings from crime and justice evaluations in a
way that is relevant to policy makers and practitioners.
Christopher J. Sullivan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, USA. He completed his doctorate at Rutgers University in 2005. His research interests include developmental criminology, juvenile delinquency and prevention policy, and research methodology and analytic methods. Recent publications have appeared in Criminology, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justiceand the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Dr. Thomas Mieczkowski is a Professor and Chair of Criminology at the University of South Florida, USA. His research interests have included drug smuggling, theories of syndicated crime organizations, drug distribution organizations and methods, drug epidemiology, and the validation of various drug detection technologies. Dr. Mieczkowski has published over 100 scholarly articles, book chapters, and three books. He received his Ph.D. from Detroit’s Wayne State University in 1985. 相似文献
Christopher J. SullivanEmail: |
Christopher J. Sullivan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, USA. He completed his doctorate at Rutgers University in 2005. His research interests include developmental criminology, juvenile delinquency and prevention policy, and research methodology and analytic methods. Recent publications have appeared in Criminology, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justiceand the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Dr. Thomas Mieczkowski is a Professor and Chair of Criminology at the University of South Florida, USA. His research interests have included drug smuggling, theories of syndicated crime organizations, drug distribution organizations and methods, drug epidemiology, and the validation of various drug detection technologies. Dr. Mieczkowski has published over 100 scholarly articles, book chapters, and three books. He received his Ph.D. from Detroit’s Wayne State University in 1985. 相似文献
212.
Gavazzi SM Yarcheck CM Sullivan JM Jones SC Khurana A 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2008,52(3):330-345
This article examines the prediction of recidivism using the Global Risk Assessment Device (GRAD), a reliable and valid measure of dynamic factors associated with family characteristics, peers, mental health, substance abuse, trauma exposure, educational concerns, accountability, and health risks. Using a sample of adult caregivers of first-time misdemeanant offenders, two factors-education and accountability-were significantly associated with recidivistic behavior, supporting the use of GRAD data in correctly identifying first-time offenders who have the greatest and the least likelihood for future offending behavior. Additional analyses utilizing parent reports on African American males indicate that the GRAD provides discrimination in the prediction of recidivism in a group typically seen as being high risk simply because of their gender and race. The assessment drives intervention approach of the GRAD is discussed in terms of using reports from adults to accurately place youth into appropriate levels of supervision and treatment. 相似文献
213.
During the last decade, a popular pastime among planners and others has been to discredit the comprehensive plan and the process by which such plans are developed. Advocacy planning, strategic planning, policy planning, social planning, etc., were suggested alternatives to the traditional focus of planning-the comprehensive plan, The reasons for criticism were varied, but basically they boiled down to the fact that plans often ended up on shelves collecting dust. Plans failed as continuing guides to a wide variety of decisions since they were static end-state conceptions a supposedly better world. Plans and their associated regulatory devices were found inadequate to control or limit the effects of the market-plans were simply ineffective tools. So the searcH began for alternatives or modifications to the comprehensive plan. 相似文献
214.
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216.
Cases entering the family court with an alienated child require intensive and coordinated case management to intervene effectively. It is critical to link the authority of the court with the delivery of mental health services to address the complex systemic factors that may entrench a chilďs unwarranted rejection of a parent. This article provides principles of legal and psychological case management for families with an alienated child, followed by various structural interventions, including sample court orders, for managing these cases as they progress through the family court process. Finally, criteria for making custody recommendations in the most severe cases of child alienation are provided. 相似文献
217.
James X. Sullivan Lesley Turner Sheldon Danziger 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2008,27(1):63-81
This paper examines the relationship between income and the extent of material hardship and explores other factors that might affect hardship. Using panel data from the Women's Employment Study, we examine the incidence of material hardship from 1997 to 2003 among current and former welfare recipients. We then consider the extent to which income is associated with hardship. We show that hardship decreases monotonically across quintiles of the income distribution for several income measures. When we measure income as the average across the 6‐year study period, a 10 percent increase in average income is associated with a 1.1 percentage point decrease in the likelihood of experiencing a hardship, a drop of about 3.4 percent. We also find that the relationship between transitory changes in income and hardship is weak. These results are consistent with findings based on a nationally representative sample of disadvantaged households from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Our results indicate that observable factors, such as measures of mental health, are more strongly related to hardship than current income. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
218.
After decades of treatment as a fairly distinct topic, recent research on victimization has begun to draw on theoretical approaches previously directed at understanding criminal behavior. The current study expands this research by studying victimization and its relationship to key developmental influences with data from 3,976 adolescents. We first detail the longitudinal process that underlies continuity and change in victimization and then consider the impact of time-stable and time-varying covariates that reflect mechanisms within those explanations. Findings suggest that time-varying markers of risky lifestyle and attachment affect victimization, but also that victimization affects risky behaviors and prosocial ties. 相似文献
219.
Katherine A. Taylor Terri N. Sullivan Wendy Kliewer 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(2):178-189
Threat appraisals—individuals’ perceptions of how stressful situations may threaten their well-being—are an important but understudied mechanism that could explain links between peer victimization and adjustment. The goal of the present study was to examine relationships between physical and relational victimization by peers, threats to the self, and aggression, anxiety, and depression to better understand the cognitive evaluations that make youth vulnerable to negative adjustment. The sample comprised two cohorts of African American adolescents (N = 326; 54 % female; M = 12.1; SD = 1.6) and their maternal caregivers, who participated in three waves of a longitudinal study. Path models revealed significant direct effects from Time 1 relational victimization, but not physical victimization, to Time 2 threat appraisals (i.e., negative self-evaluations and negative evaluations by others), controlling for Time 1 threat appraisals. Significant direct effects were found from Time 2 threats of negative evaluations by others to Time 3 youth-reported aggression, controlling for Time 1 and Time 2 aggression. Significant direct effects also were found from Time 2 threats of negative self-evaluations to T3 youth-reported depression, controlling for Time 1 and Time 2 depression. Overall, findings highlight the need to consider the role of threats to the self in pathways from peer victimization to adjustment and the implications these appraisals have for youth prevention and intervention efforts. 相似文献
220.
Deborah Lee Rachel Allwood Mark Weinstein Kerry Sullivan 《Journal of Gender Studies》2016,25(5):571-585
Research shows the ‘gendered nature’ of domestic violence, with Women’s Aid (a UK-based charity) estimating that 1 in 4 women are affected (2014). This paper reports on a project – funded by Comic Relief, completed by Nottinghamshire Domestic Violence Forum (now known as Equation) and evaluated by Nottingham Trent University. The project adopts a Whole School Approach in seeking to prevent domestic violence. Students at three secondary schools attended between one and five blocks of work, and special events. There is evidence of positive developments – with young people showing understanding of domestic violence as well as the margins between healthy and unhealthy relationships. However, not all students could reply ‘never’ to the question of ‘are women and girls to blame for the domestic violence they experience?’, remarking that if the woman had done something ‘really, really bad’ then violence might be justified. We argue that young people’s uncertainties need to be situated within the gender-unequal socio-contexts of contemporary society, and further call for a WSA to domestic violence prevention to be a compulsory part of the UK national curriculum. 相似文献