代的希望:处于变化中的世界的年轻人

青年是从儿童或青少年逐渐被承认作为成年人的一个过渡期.处于儿童期和成年期之间的青年过渡期是一个半依赖期,年轻人试图完成个人的自主性,然而仍依赖他们的父母或国家.这个半依赖期的长短在不同的社会-经济和政治环境下有着巨大的差异.青年发展可以被理解为提高年轻人的地位,赋权年轻人建设他们生活的能力和潜能.积极的青年发展要求一个支持性的环境,且在稳定的政治、法律和经济环境里发展得最好,这种环境允许和鼓励年轻人自由和公开地参与政治和公民生活.青年发展指数是通过对5个领域的年轻人的进步的一个全球性的测量:公民参与、教育、就业和机会、健康和福利、以及政治参与,主要目标是在重要利益相关者之间形成对话,帮助政策制定者识别出干预和改革的优先领域,向年轻人传达信息,为那些需要数据指导他们的投资决策和宣传的人提供事实基础.     

Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean

Land grabbing has gained momentum in Latin America and the Caribbean during the past decade. The phenomenon has taken different forms and character as compared to processes that occur in other regions of the world, especially Africa. It puts into question some of the assumptions in the emerging literature on land grabbing, suggesting these are too food-centered/too food crisis-centered, too land-centred, too centred on new global food regime players – China, South Korea, Gulf States and India – and too centred on Africa. There are four key mechanisms through which land grabbing in Latin American and the Caribbean has been carried out: food security initiatives, energy/fuel security ventures, other climate change mitigation strategies, and recent demands for resources from newer hubs of global capital. The hallmark of land grabbing in the region is its intra-regional character: the key investors are (Trans-)Latin American companies, often in alliance with international capital and the central state. Initial evidence suggests that recent land investments have consolidated the earlier trend away from (re)distributive land policies in most countries in the region, and are likely to result in widespread reconcentration of land and capital.     

Postretrenchment Politics: Policy Feedback in Chile's Health and Pension Reforms

Through a comparison of three periods of health and pension reform in Chile, this article develops an explanation for the incremental form of social policy change that some Latin American nations have witnessed in recent years, despite the dramatic rise of left governments. It describes “postretrenchment politics,” which constitutes a realignment in the way politics plays out in countries that have undergone social policy retrenchment. In postretrenchment politics, the strengthened position of private business interests, combined with political learning legacies and lock‐in effects generated by reforms, results in incremental political change, despite renewed efforts by left parties to address inequality. Global capital also plays an important contextual role, and may influence postretrenchment politics. In postretrenchment politics, newly reformed systems may achieve greater equity, but they do so in fragmented form.     

看南京 想武汉——武汉与南京经济发展比较

武汉与南京是两个非常相似的城市,主要差别在于两地区位环境不同。新世纪以来,南京实现了对武汉的全面超越,这有区位环境的原因,也有主观努力的因素。进一步而言,在基本相同的区位环境下,由于主观方面的欠缺,南京相对于长三角周边兄弟城市,也存在发展滞后的问题。由此可以断定,改革开放三十年,武汉发展相对滞后,主观方面的问题不容忽视。主要问题有如下几点：思想解放不够;抓经济发展的工作力度不足;政府行政管理体制上计划经济烙印较重;经济结构不太合理;外延式、粗放型传统经济增长模式尚未得到根本改变;城市文化传统中缺乏创业创新精神成分等。