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431.
432.
Markus Gerber Tim Hartmann Serge Brand Edith Holsboer-Trachsler Uwe Pühse 《Journal of criminal justice》2010,38(6):13
Purpose
This study examined how a specific shift system was associated with stress, sleep and health among police officers. Moreover, this study investigated whether gender moderated the association between shift work and stress, sleep and health. Additional analyses were performed to find out how stress and shift work interact in explaining sleep and health.Methods
The findings are based on a cross-sectional survey. A written questionnaire was sent to all employees of a local police force. 460 police officers (M = 40.67 years, SD = 9.66; 25.2% females) volunteered to take part in the study. 251 subjects were shift workers (54.6%). Police officers filled in a series of validated instruments assessing stress (TICS), perceived health (SF-12, somatic complaints, health care use) and sleep (ISI, PSQI).Results
Shift work was associated with increased social stress, work discontent and sleep complaints. In turn, shift workers reported decreased use of primary health care. Moreover, stress was associated with increased sleep complaints and lower scores in perceived health. The interplay between stress and shift work did not produce any significant effects.Conclusions
Workforce health promotion should make attempts to reduce chronic stress, while occupational health physicians should emphasize the diagnosis of undetected sleep disorders. 相似文献433.
434.
Tim Birtwistle 《Education & the Law》2003,15(4):227-236
The term ‘university’ is used in most cases with only a vague understanding of exactly what a university is and does. Is a university anything with the word in its title or does the word actually convey a meaning as to the purpose of the institution? Much of the time this does not matter—people have an understanding of what it is, what it does and what it means. However, with globalisation and the creation of alliances and networks, the creation of the European Higher Education Area, competition for the best students and scholars, competition for funding, ‘league tables’ etc. the need for clarity and transparency increases. Even with cultural diversity this should be easy, but the impact of government policy may in fact skew the understanding, removing the word in England from the universal concept of what a university is and replacing it with a narrow English law definition. 相似文献
435.
Tim R. Miller 《政策研究评论》1985,5(2):395-412
This paper tests the popular thesis that as a result of various changes over the past decade, the subsystemliron triangle model is no longer the central dynamic in federal water policymaking. A cross section of 30 authorities were interviewed on two aspects of this key dispute: (a) the extent to which iron triangle tenets were either central (traditional viewpoint) or secondary (revisionist viewpoint) to the Carter administrationls 1977 water projects "hit list" 81 defeat, 11 and (b) perceptions of the viability of the leading water alliances in the years since the hit list events. Major findings: (1) Although the two leading water subsystems are portrayed as having been weakened by recent challenges, they are viewed by subsystem insidersll and "outsiders" alike as the most powerful of six alternative explanations for the Carter "defeat." (2) The alliances are largely pursuing a strategy aimed at adapting (Ripley and Franklinls "adapting subsystems") to the threatening political climate based on extensive funding for operations and maintenance. (3) The argument is advanced that the traditional-revisionist dispute is bridged by cyclical policy dynamics, labeled the policy pacing dimension. 相似文献
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437.
This paper is concerned with the implications of a disparity between payment- and compensation-based measures of economic
loss, examined in the context of contingent valuation survey methods. We first argue that a measure based on individuals'
compensation demanded (CD), rather than their willingness to pay (WTP), is appropriate when losses are proposed and that disparities
between WTP and CD measures often are real rather than artifactual. We then point out some of the problems involved in estimating
CD measures, relate these to several hypotheses about people's behavior, and conclude that they present a formidable challenge
to the accurate estimation of welfare losses. Finally, several guidelines are proposed regarding the use and further development
of compensation-based measures of economic value. 相似文献
438.
Adair TW DeLong L Dobersen MJ Sanamo S Young R Oliver B Rotter T 《Journal of forensic sciences》2003,48(5):1113-1116
We present an unusual case in which an adult female committed suicide by fire while enclosed in the trunk of her vehicle. A finding of suicide was reached only because several key investigative facts were uncovered. Without these discoveries the case may still remain open as a suspicious death. Fire is rarely used as a mechanism of suicide in Western culture, and, as such, similar cases should be reported to advance our recognition of this phenomenon. 相似文献
439.
440.