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11.
Vera L. Zolberg 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2010,23(2-3):99-112
The relatively stable cultural structure that privileged the artist's individual autonomy has had to respond to challenges from social and political sources that intrude into developments intrinsic to existing art forms. With the expansion of markets and consumerism, the arts are increasingly called upon to be innovative in order to appeal to emergent middle classes. Historically, academic or similar prestige systems associated with national states came face to face with competitors, found largely on the margins of art worlds. Artistic change may result either from internal developments in aesthetic forms, or stem from the intrusion of sources external to established traditions. I want to argue that increasingly the sources of innovation stem from the margins; they are borne by agents who, rather than being central to the most important institutions of culture, arise in their peripheries. Their marginality may be seen from two perspectives: it may result from choice (as the deviant, or “maverick” of Howard Becker 1982) or from spontaneous or involuntary positioning (as “insane,” “naïf,” or “primitive”) of “outsider artists” (Zolberg and Cherbo 1997). Whether acting deliberately or as pawns managed by other agents (Dubin 1999), these artists engage in an asymmetrical conflict in which the political stakes are high. Thus, the weak confront the strong—the establishment. “Marginals” and their allies strive to profit from using the resources of their more powerful adversaries, who occupy established gatekeeping roles. Without asserting that all art worlds are necessarily wholly engaged “in political” strife, examination of a variety of cases casts light on the contentious nature of innovation. 相似文献
12.
Vera Zhang 《北京周报(英文版)》2019,62(28):36-37
Checkbooks can be called the dinosaurs of banking. Once essential for transactions, especially those involving large sums of money, they became virtually extinct with the arrival of ATM cards. Now, as technology continues to evolve, it could be time to say goodbye to the handy little bankcards as well. 相似文献
13.
Lopez V Kopak A Robillard A Gillmore MR Holliday RC Braithwaite RL 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(8):945-957
Sexual risk taking among female delinquents represents a significant public health problem. Research is needed to understand
the pathways leading to sexual risk taking among this population. This study sought to address this issue by identifying and
testing two pathways from child maltreatment to non-condom use among 329 White and 484 African American female adolescent
detainees: a relational pathway and a substance use coping pathway. The relational pathway indicated that child maltreatment
would be related to non-condom use via depressive self-concept and condom use self-efficacy. The substance use coping pathway
suggested that depressive self-concept and alcohol-based expectancies for sexual enhancement would mediate the relationship
between child maltreatment and non-condom use. As hypothesized, the relational pathway variables were associated with one
another in the expected directions; however, evidence of mediation was not found. Support for mediation was found for the
substance use coping pathway. Exploratory across group comparison analysis indicated that the relational pathway was significant
for White girls whereas the substance use coping pathway was significant for African American girls. Limitations and implications
for future research are discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
Vera Bergelson 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2018,12(3):375-392
In this article, I try to go beyond the traditional objections to strict liability public welfare offenses and confront other possible justifications for punishing non-culpable conduct. Specifically, I consider the following arguments:
相似文献
- Penalties for public welfare offenses are punishment by name only, thus traditional justifications for punishment are not needed;
- Even if those penalties are punishment, punishing those who produce or threaten significant harm to others is not necessarily unjust; and
- Even if such punishment is not entirely just, it is consistent with other widely accepted criminal law doctrines.
16.
17.
De Decker K Cordonnier J Jacobs W Coucke V Schepens P Jorens PG 《Forensic science international》2008,175(1):79-82
Poisoning may also lead to both coma and multiple organ failure, also in youngsters without a known major medical history. As not all toxic agents are routinely screened when a poisoning is suspected, it is useful to consider less frequently encountered poisons in certain cases. We describe the occurrence of asystole and multiple organ failure which occurred in a young man after a suspected tramadol overdose. The tramadol concentration on admission in the ICU was indeed 8 microg/ml (mg/l), far above the therapeutic range. Subsequently, the patient developed severe acute liver failure, finally leading to death. Post-mortem toxicology did not reveal any other poison responsible for this unfavourable course as only very high serum and tissue tramadol and desmethyltramadol concentrations were found. Only a few fatal poisonings attributable to tramadol alone, as observed in our case, have been reported. An overview of these cases is presented. 相似文献
18.
Vera Mackie 《澳大利亚女权主义者研究》2001,16(35):185-192
19.
The First Member State Rebellion? The European Court of Justice and the Negotiations of the ‘Luxembourg Protocol’ of 1971 下载免费PDF全文
Vera Fritz 《European Law Journal》2015,21(5):680-699
This article delves into the history of the negotiations of the ‘Luxembourg protocol’ of 1971, which conferred jurisdiction upon the European Court of Justice (ECJ) for the interpretation of the 1968 Brussels convention. The protocol provided a preliminary ruling procedure that had undergone restrictive modifications in comparison with the European Economic Community (EEC) treaty's original (Article 177). Some have, therefore, interpreted the outcome of the negotiations as a sign that the mechanism was being criticised in national administrations. This article will, for the first time, bring to the surface archival evidence to explain why the protocol contained an altered version of Article 177 EEC. Furthermore, it will reveal that the governments' experts' intention to limit the procedure in the protocol caused serious concern inside the ECJ, of which some members consequently repeatedly urged national decision‐makers to opt for formulas identical with Article 177 EEC. 相似文献
20.
Vera Sacks 《The Modern law review》1986,49(5):560-592