The Red Flag System as the Gatekeeper in Tender Fraud Prevention and Detection of Misrepresentation

South African media publications frequently report on procurement fraud committed in Africa and South Africa—a matter which has evolved into a significant issue. Procurement fraud is committed in all the phases of the procurement cycle, but in this research, it is revealed that the unlawful act occurs mostly during the bidding or tender phase. Procurement fraud is not seen as a crime by business and this illicit act is thus committed because of ignorance in respect of the misrepresentation of information, and the red flag indicators of these misrepresentations. This article analyses the kinds of misrepresentation that takes place during the tender phase and highlights the importance of red flags in detecting procurement fraud, especially during the tender phase of the cycle. The identification of red flags was studied in order to comprehend the role that such identification plays in detecting and preventing procurement fraud in the tender phase. We also highlight the scope of the misrepresentation of facts in committing procurement fraud. A proper exploration and understanding of red flag indicators for the detection of procurement fraud during the tender phase will be to the advantage of the criminal investigation fraternity as well as the private industry.     

A “concrete” identification in a dismemberment case

Homicide perpetrators can use concrete as a means to conceal their victims. When concrete encasement is encountered in the forensic field, albeit rarely, it is often coupled with postmortem dismemberment. This method of obscuring the evidence presents unique investigative obstacles, specifically related to identification. Various approaches to obtaining fingerprints from decedents encased in concrete have been suggested and implemented over the years. The presented case is that of an initially unidentified 44-year-old male, who was subject to postmortem dismemberment and concrete encasement. Meticulous excavation techniques facilitated preservation of evidence and an anatomical reconstruction of the body. These techniques enabled inspection of the incision sites of the dismembered remains during the postmortem examination. Identifiable jewelry and tattoos were noted at autopsy. Further, the resulting concrete molds could be utilized to obtain fingerprints. These prints were used to ultimately identify the decedent.     

Last-ditch attempt to improve the EU patent system

The European Commission has proffered a compromise seeking torevitalize the ongoing debate on the patent system in Europeby enabling Member States to reach a consensus.     

Professional Minimalism? The Ethical Consciousness of Commercial Lawyers

This article investigates empirically, through semi‐structured interviews, what shapes the professional ethical consciousness of commercial lawyers. It considers in‐house and private practice lawyers side by side, interrogating the view that in‐house ethics are different and inferior to private practice to suggest as much similarity as difference. In both constituencies, and in very similar ways, professional ethical concepts are challenged by the pragmatic logics of business. We examine how their ethical logics are shaped by these pragmatic logics, suggesting how both groups of practitioners could sometimes be vulnerable to breaching the boundary between tenable zeal for the client and unethical or unlawful conduct. Although they conceive of themselves as ethical, the extent to which practitioners are well equipped, inclined and positively encouraged to work ethically within their own rules is open to question. As a result, we argue professional ethics exert minimal, superficial influence over a more self‐interested, commercially‐driven pragmatism.     

Sex offender notification: An exploratory assessment of state variation in notification processes

Prior research suggested that when community members are notified that a sex offender is residing in their neighborhood they are likely to engage in precautionary behavior to prevent potential victimization. Since states employ different processes in notifying community members of the presence of a sex offender, it is important to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the various notification processes. The current exploratory study compared the proactive sex offender notification process in Hamilton County, Ohio, with the passive notification process in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Not surprisingly, study findings indicated that the proactive sex offender notification process used in Ohio resulted in better community dissemination of information.     

Jersey trusts and foreign divorce proceedings: The H Trust (2007) JRC 187

This is a second and important judgment in the H Trust litigation,which was first before the Royal Court in April 2006. At thathearing, the Royal Court directed the Jersey resident trusteeof the H Trust not to take any part in English divorce proceedingsbetween a husband and wife, both of whom were beneficiariesunder the H Trust, but to provide full information to the partiesfor use in the English High Court. The husband was the settlorof the H Trust. The Royal Court also encouraged the trusteeto assist in giving effect to any reasonable arrangement     

The urban household in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1900–2000: Patterns of family formation in a turbulent century

Starting from census data on co-residence and household composition, the authors analyse principles of family organisation and family formation in twentieth-century urban Russia and the Soviet Union. The article uses an adapted version of the classification of households developed by Peter Laslett and Eugene Hammel to study variation in household structure for successive population censuses. Changes in this variation between cross-sections are explained with the help of additional quantitative and qualitative data and are linked to the fundamental demographic, social and economic shifts which took place in Russian society in the course of the twentieth century. The article finds a family system characterised by a tendency towards nuclear family formation, but incorporating a fairly stable element of household extension. Co-residence of three generations was both an answer to a perennial housing problem and offered important advantages in the sphere of childcare and care for the elderly. Variation and fluctuation in household structure are found to be most pronounced during the turbulent first half of the century. After a period of stability during the post-war decades of Soviet rule, post-Soviet transformations provoke new changes.     

Three types of Family Environment Scale profiles: Functional,distressed, and abusive families

In order to facilitate the interpretation of Family Environment Scale (FES) profiles, Moos and Moos (1976, 1984) developed a typology of family environments based on data drawn from a representative community sample. The present study attempts to extend this work by describing three types of FES profiles from abusive, distressed (clinic referred for child behavior problems), and functional families. All families were impoverished, single parent, and mother-headed. Data were gathered in their homes. Profile types for the three groups and implications for intervention are discussed.