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11.
Wayne Reynolds 《澳大利亚政治与历史杂志》2008,54(4):562-578
The renewed debate about Australia enriching uranium raises issues associated with a previous attempt thirty‐five years ago. The Atomic Energy Commission hatched plans in the mid‐1960s to position Australia as a supplier of enriched fuel, especially to the Japanese market. This would be done using centrifuge technology, a cheaper and more efficient method than that used by the United States. That fact, along with concerns in Washington to restrict the proliferation of nuclear weapons, led to opposition to rival enrichment programs. Whitlam and Connor miscalculated here. Ratifying the Nuclear Non‐proliferation Treaty was not enough to stay opposition to raising a loan designed mainly to give Australia an enrichment program. 相似文献
12.
Wayne J. Pitts 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2007,32(1-2):57-73
Probation and parole officers are assigned the responsibility of supervising convicted criminals in a community setting in
such a way that the competing goals of punishment, public safety, offender rehabilitation, and deterrence are achieved. All
the while, these tasks are accomplished within the confines of shrinking budgets, large case loads, increasingly high-risk
offenders, low occupational prestige, and considerable political and public scrutiny. These competing demands often result
in especially high levels of work-related stress. The point of this research is to consider the divergence in occupational
stress among probation/parole officers and whether or not they felt educationally prepared for their job. The data for this
study were collected during a two-month study period which began on March 15, 2005. Data were collected non-randomly through
a national Internet based survey of active probation/parole officers. This study considers a sub-sample of 2, 364 officers
from fifteen states. The results show probation/parole officers who feel educationally under-prepared are likely to experience
higher levels of occupational stress and more likely to have negative manifestations of stress than those officers who feel
well-prepared. 相似文献
13.
The study explores the impact of a procedural innovation on justice judgments made by third party observers. The innovation
involved the establishment of a review panel with civilian participants to monitor a police department's investigation of
allegations of misconduct against its officers. The study distinguishes the impact on racial minority observers from that
on racial majority observers. Data suggest that the innovation had a positive, though differing, impact on the justice judgments
of both minority and majority observers. 相似文献
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D. Wayne Osgood Barbara J. McMorris Maria T. Potenza 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2002,18(3):267-296
Multiple-item measures of self-reported offending typically provide the principal outcome measures for individual level research on the causes of crime and deviance. This article directs attention to the substantial problems presented by the task of forming composite scores for these measures, and it presents a possible solution to those problems. We consider scaling by means of the graded response model from item response theory (IRT) as a potential means of overcoming the shortcomings of traditional summative scaling and of obtaining valuable information about the strengths and weaknesses of our measures. We illustrate this strategy through a scale analysis of a fourteen-item, self-report measure of delinquency, using three years of data from the Monitoring the Future study, an annual national survey of high school seniors. The graded response model proves to be consistent with the data, and it provides results that address important substantive questions about self-report measures. The findings are informative about the strengths and weaknesses of alternative strategies for developing self-report instruments, indicating that there is little to be gained by making fine distinctions in the frequency of individual delinquent acts. 相似文献
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