政治专家对美国中东政策的影响

第二次世界大战后,随着世界经济、政治形势的巨变,各国综合实力的竞争日趋激烈。如何科学决策成为政府头等重要的课题。为了制订出有效的政策,解决各种复杂的现实问题,政府便求助于各类咨询研究机构,思想库随之勃兴。这些思想库既不是纯粹的学术机构,也不是企业或者政府机构,而是以研究分析内外政策为己任、以影响政府决策和选择为目标的研究组织。对政府来说,这些思想库既能围绕政策制定而进行研究,又能发挥收集材料、处理信息、提供方案的专长,从而有利于国家领导们进行科学决策。实践表明,很多思想库在政策规划方面已获得公众的支持和认…     

试论社会主义政治文明建设的基本价值取向

政治是一个价值系统,是现实社会的具体价值领域.人们在政治领域里追求和实现着各种不同的价值.政治文明的价值取向是政治文明的灵魂,价值取向决定了政治文明的历史高度.本文探讨了政治的价值特征、政治的三个基本价值取向原则、政治文明的基本价值取向,在此基础上,阐述了社会主义政治文明独特的价值取向.     

加入WTO对西部商业银行发展的影响及对策

中国加入 WTO,对中国经济的各个方面都带来了程度不同的影响,对银行业的影响是巨大而深远的。西部地区商业银行如何应对 WTO 的挑战而谋求发展,具有重大而深远的意义。一、加入 WTO 对西部商业银行发展的积极影     

The challenge of institution-building in Asia and its implications for Asia-Europe relations

  East Asia, including Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, has developed tightly-linked production/distribution networks through globalizing corporate activities. The vertical chain of production in East Asia has been even more sophisticated than economic integration in East Europe or Latin America. However, the political environment of East Asia for trade and investment has been far from borderless. The integration effort at the policy level has been very much limited so far, due to the historical background as well as geopolitics surrounding East Asia. The Asian currency/financial crisis provided these countries a historical turning point. After the burst of the crisis, East Asians realized that they have to take care of themselves in their difficulties, not depending on outside forces. A natural choice for them was to step into the realm of regionalism. In 1998, Japan and Korea officially announced that they would discard the long-lasting GATT/WTO-only approach and adapt the multi-layered approach, including both regionalism and multilateralism. The ultimate goal of regionalism would be a region-wide integration including ASEAN+3. As a steppingstone, Japan signed the Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement (JSEPA) in January 2002. In a parallel move, the ASEAN and China Leaders announced in November 2001 the establishment of an ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) within 10 years. This article will follow up the most recent advancement of regional institutional building in East Asia with the emphasis on peculiar characteristics of economic integration in the region and discuss its implications for Asia-Europe relations. This paper is heavily drawn from Kimura (2002, 2003).     

S&;T Parks and business incubators in middle-sized countries: the case of greece

This paper links the policy context regarding S&T parks to the objectives and characteristics of the established parks and incubators in a relatively small, converging European country. S&T parks and incubators in Greece during the past decade and a half have gradually shifted in terms of ownership and management from university/research institute to the private sector and in terms of financing from public to private funds, also involving the provision of seed capital and access to venture capital. This gradual shift toward more private engagement has created a variety of models out of which, it is hoped, successful innovative companies will emerge in larger numbers than in the past.

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A comparison of the Russian 13% flat rate PIT evasion stratified contributions and the US tax schedule

This paper reviews the existing literature on consumer credit reporting, the most extensively used instrument to overcome information asymmetry and adverse selection problems in credit markets. Despite the copious literature in economics and some research in regulatory policy, the legal community has paid almost no attention to the legal framework of consumer credit information systems, specially within the context of the European Union. Studies on the topic, however, seem particularly relevant in view of the establishment of a single market for consumer credit. This article ultimately calls for further legal research to address consumer protection concerns and inform future legislation.      

The European airline industry: law and economics of low cost carriers

This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector. While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors.     

The evolution of European legal integration

This article contributes to the development of theories on European integration by testing and exploring statistical models on the long-term development of legislative activity of the European Commission. Drawing on legal information gained from the European Union’s PreLex database and analyzing it with the help of statistical analyses, we map out growth patterns of EU law between 1976 and 2003. We construct time-series models and models based on non-linear regression. While the performance of models based on the traditional theoretical approaches, intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism, is rather poor, the analysis suggests that nonlinear dynamic models might be an interesting avenue for future conceptualizations of the EU integration process. This article is based on a paper presented at the ECPR Standing Group on the European Union Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics, “Implications of a Wider Europe: Politics, Institutions and Diversity”, 24–26 June 2004, Bologna, Italy. We would like to thank the seminar participants for useful comments.     

伟大旗帜:中国特色社会主义

第十七次党代表大会有许多亮点和创新,其中最大的亮点和创新,就是提出要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜. 一、中国特色社会主义旗帜凝结了马克思主义中国化的最新理论成果 中国共产党是一个重视理论指导而又具有理论创新精神的党.