杂字(中国民间识字教材)在日本的流传及影响

杂字是中国古代流行于民间的与"三、百、千"并行的一种非正规的识字教材.杂字起源较早,内容贴近生活、通俗易懂,明清时期在我国民间广为流传.杂字不仅为我国古代普及大众教育做出了重要贡献,而且还跨出国门流传日本、对日本的教育与文化产生了深远的影响.     

高等教育管理学理论构建的问题与反思

高等教育管理学最具核心价值的学科特征,就在于将高等教育管理这一特定领域中的各种现象、各种关系和各种问题进行抽象,从而形成对高等教育管理活动的规律性认识。与之相悖的是,对理论的盲崇与膜拜、管理的目的理性以及管理实践的贫瘠和非理性等,又反过来制约和影响着高等教育管理学自身理论的构建。     

高等教育高层次人才队伍建设研究

建设一支结构合理、素质优良、高水平的高层次教师队伍是高等院校教职工队伍建设的核心,更是一个学校赖以生存、发展壮大的根本保证。高层次人才队伍是高校教师队伍中的特殊的、关键的群体,他们在教学、科研、学科建设、专业建设中发挥着核心作用,代表着学校未来的发展速度和后劲,反映了学校教师队伍的整体质量和水平,是一所高校在国内外地位的主要标志,对高校的发展起到全局性的作用。高层次人才的分类要根据各高校的具体情况而定,不同类型高校其高层次人才分类也有所不同。     

新世纪中国民间外交研究:问题、理论和意义

进入新世纪以来,民间外交在世界范围内得到蓬勃发展,呈现出全方位、多形式和立体交叉的新格局,对15世纪以来主要以国与国之间官方交流渠道为主的外交观形成巨大压力和挑战.人们日益认识到主权国家委派的代表之间正式的、官方的、政府对政府的互动,未必是保障国际合作、消除分歧或者平息冲突的最有效方式.改革开放以来,中国继承和发扬民间外交的优良传统,在民间外交方面取得重大成就,但无论在认识上还是实践中仍存在一些误区和盲点.本文以全球视野分析了新世纪民间外交的变化趋势,探讨了当代民间外交亟需深入研究的问题以及加强民间外交研究的重要意义.     

分配结构的财税法调整

我国不合理的分配结构导致的大量分配问题,需要通过调整和优化分配结构来解决,其关键是改变分配制度中的收益分配权配置;对于分配结构的调整,传统法和现代法的功用各不相同,而财税法的功用则更为突出;财税法作为"分配法"所蕴含的分配理论,是分配结构调整的理论基础;财税法具体制度的调整和完善,有助于解决分配结构失衡、分配差距过大和分配不公等突出问题,对于维护分配秩序和实现分配正义尤为重要。     

论行政判决的反射效力及其强度——以合法性否定判决为侧重

行政判决的反射效力是一种客观的超越既判力范围的影响力,它内在地包括反射性确定力、反射性拘束力和构成要件效力等.就其法理而言,行政判决在本质上即司法之于行政的合法性判断,其反射效力即源自于这种“合法性判断”本身.在其现实意义上,正是其反射效力而非既判力,延展了行政判决作用的广度和深度,提升了司法审查之于法治国家建设乃至整个社会文明进程之价值.挖掘并正视这种价值,或对近期《行政诉讼法》修改有所裨益.     

完善网络服务商间接责任制度的思考

分析了我国现行的有关网络版权间接侵权立法中存在的问题,并结合发达国家的成熟经验和我国实际,从间接责任的主观要件的认定、立法体例的设计等方面,对相关法律法规提出了修改完善的建议.     

Transcending the dilemma of “public interest”

This paper discusses the evolution and recent trends in the development of the constitutional concept of “public use” in the case-law history of the United States starting from the source of US government’s taking powers and the original meaning of the Taking Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Since the concepts of “public use” and “public interest” are extremely difficult to be defined, it is very hard for the US courts to develop a relevant operative criterion. In the United States, the safeguard of “public interest” in taking mainly lies legislative rather than judicial control. In a democratic society, legislative judgment is highly respected by the courts and the entire takeovers that conform to public use as determined by the Congress are usually deemed constitutional. In this sense, the Congress is a “public interest machine”, which automatically generates laws and decisions on behalf of public interests through the democratic representative process. The paper eventually suggests that China should divert its attention from the theoretical definition of “public interest” to institutional construction, and should make the National and Local People’s Congresses and their standing committees to play major roles in deciding taking and compensation schemes. __________ Translated from Zhongguo Faxue 中国法学 (China Law), 2005, (5): 36–45     

对影子银行加强监管的国际金融法制改革

2008年金融危机的产生与游离于监管体系之外的影子银行的崩溃密不可分。在后危机时代,国际社会金融监管改革中很重要的一个方面即是加强对影子银行的监管。美欧等发达金融体已纷纷采取多种改革办法加强对其监管。以金融稳定理事会为代表的国际组织亦对影子银行监管进行研究,并形成了相关建议。影子银行对金融体系带来的主要威胁是系统性风险和监管套利,改革现有金融监管法制的重点也在于此。我国应当积极参与此方面的国际金融法制改革,并适时加强国内的法制建设。     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.