Fiscal Decentralization,Flat Administrative Structure,and Local Government Size: Evidence and Lessons from China

This paper examines the effects of fiscal decentralization and flat administrative structure on local budget size and program outlays. We test three related theoretical hypotheses in China's adoption of province‐over‐county scheme of financial administration. We provide evidence that both decentralization of expenditure and decentralization of revenue increase the size of local budgets; that the impact of the former far outweighs that of the latter with local budgets on a rising trajectory; and that discretion grants localities more means to increase their budget. These results show that as China's reform deepens the proportion of local outlay on administration declines because of more local discretion from eliminating the prefecture bypass between the province and counties. But neither decentralization nor increased local discretion has allocated more local resources for education, and both contribute to increasing outlay on economic development. The paper formulates tentative policy recommendations that carry potential application for other countries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Edema in Forensic Autopsy Cases with Special Regard to Fatal Methamphetamine Intoxication

Pulmonary edema is a common finding in fatal methamphetamine intoxication. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular pathology of alveolar damage involving pulmonary edema in forensic autopsy cases. Seven candidate reference genes (RPL13A, YWHAZ, GUSB, SDHA, GAPDH, B2M, and ACTB) were evaluated in the lung by the geNorm module in qBase^plus software. RPL13A, YWHAZ, and GUSB were identified as the most stable reference genes. Using these validated reference genes, intrapulmonary mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), claudin‐5 (CLDN‐5), and aquaporins (AQPs) were examined. Relative mRNA quantification using TaqMan real‐time PCR assay demonstrated higher expressions of all markers except for AQP‐5 in fatal METH intoxication cases. These findings suggested alveolar damage and compensatory response in fatal METH intoxication cases. Systematic analysis of gene expressions using real‐time qPCR is a useful tool in forensic death investigation.     

Automated Classification of Epiphyses in the Distal Radius and Ulna using a Support Vector Machine

The aim of this study was to automatically classify epiphyses in the distal radius and ulna using a support vector machine (SVM) and to examine the accuracy of the epiphyseal growth grades generated by the support vector machine. X‐ray images of distal radii and ulnae were collected from 140 Chinese teenagers aged between 11.0 and 19.0 years. Epiphyseal growth of the two elements was classified into five grades. Features of each element were extracted using a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), and models were established using support vector classification (SVC). The prediction results and the validity of the models were evaluated with a cross‐validation test and independent test for accuracy (P_A). Our findings suggest that this new technique for epiphyseal classification was successful and that an automated technique using an SVM is reliable and feasible, with a relative high accuracy for the models.     

从新时期到新世纪"文学是人学"命题的再阐释——兼论马克思主义文艺理论的人学基础

"文学是人学"的核心和基础是文学应当"以人为本"、以人道主义精神为灵魂的观念,即强调文学"必须从人出发,必须以人为注意的中心",反对将人的描写作为"工具"和"手段",而是将人看成"文学的目的所在"; 肯定共同人性、普遍人性的存在; 把人道主义作为衡量文艺作品成就"最根本的和普遍适用的原则".这些观点至今仍然极富生命力和启发性,但还需要给予马克思主义人学的理论阐释.马克思主义人学理论的核心就是"以人为本"的根本理念,具体而言,一要将人看成根本、看成目的;二要承认"人"是普遍、一般的人,要承认人有普遍、一般的本质(性),即共同人性.     

抗震救灾升华中华民族的"文化认同"

文化认同所要回答的是"我们是谁",它是凝聚这个民族共同体的精神纽带,是民族共同体生命延续的精神基础,因而是民族认同、国家认同最深层的基础.积5000年文明史而形成的中华民族的"文化认同",在这次抗震救灾中发挥出了巨大的精神力量,我们每一个炎黄子孙都应该正视和珍惜并努力丰富和升华自己的"文化认同".     

政务舆情回应策略对政府形象修复的影响 ——情绪认知视角的有调节中介模型

【问题】当前舆情危机事件频发,网络舆情既可以提升政府形象也可以对政府形象造成负面影响,关键在于政府如何应对舆情。舆情事件中政府采取什么样的回应策略才能有效维护和修复政府形象?【方法】本研究从情绪认知视角出发,以公众情绪为中介和以回应策略为调节变量构建了有调节的中介模型,并通过2(事件责任:大、小)×3(回应策略:否认、借口、道歉修正)的组间实验设计进行证实。【发现】研究发现,当公众认为责任大的条件下,采用道歉修正策略(与否认策略、借口策略相比)更能缓解公众情绪,进而修复政府形象;当公众认为责任小时,采用道歉修正策略和否认策略(与借口策略相比)更能疏导公众情绪,进而修复政府形象。【贡献】研究突破了传统SCCT理论基于认知视角探讨形象修复的框架,从情感视角提出即使不改变大众对舆情事件起因的归因认知,通过有效回应来疏导公众情绪,也能达到修复政府形象的目的。     

对加强干部作风建设的再思考

党的十七大提出要切实改进党的作风。加强干部作风建设是我们党不断胜利前进的重要法宝。要改进党的作风,就必须按照“八个坚持、八个反对”的要求,通过多种途径,努力解决干部作风方面存在的突出问题,切实加强干部作风建设,以良好的干部作风促政风带民风。     

骗用贷款罪的解构性思考

《刑法修正案(六)》生效后,我国在贷款类犯罪中增设了骗用贷款罪。该罪弥补了贷款类犯罪的漏洞,也显现出高利转贷罪的多余。骗用贷款罪和贷款诈骗罪可以很好地规范贷款行为。高利转贷罪、骗用贷款罪、贷款诈骗罪在获取银行或者其他金融机构贷款时都是使用的非法手段,那么合法取得贷款后,非法使用的,也应该根据行为人的客观行为进行定罪。     

对公安情报学专业定位的思考

以知识为基础构建情报学的学科体系是情报学未来的发展方向;在信息管理基础上,结合知识管理的内容,是情报学科教育发展的一个新动向;由公安信息化建设转向公安信息化应用过程中,公安情报部门亟需信息管理和情报研判专业人才。基于以上分析,应将公安情报学专业定位为以公安信息管理和公安情报研判为核心。