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941.
The investigation of uncertain fatalities requires accurate determination of the cause of death, with assessment of all factors that may have contributed to it. Gasoline is a complex and highly variable mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons that can lead to cardiac arrhythmias due to sensitization of the myocardium to catecholamines or acts as a simple asphyxiant if the vapors displace sufficient oxygen from the breathing atmosphere. This work describes a sudden occupational fatality involving gasoline. The importance of this petroleum distillate detection and its quantitative toxicological significance is discussed using a validated analytical method. A 51 year-old Caucasian healthy man without significant medical history was supervising the repairs of the telephone lines in a manhole near to a gas station. He died suddenly after inhaling gasoline vapors from an accidental leak. Extensive blistering and peeling of skin were observed on the skin of the face, neck, anterior chest, upper and lower extremities, and back. The internal examination showed a strong odor of gasoline, specially detected in the respiratory tract. The toxicological screening and quantitation of gasoline was performed by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and confirmation was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Disposition of gasoline in different tissues was as follows: heart blood, 35.7 mg/L; urine, not detected; vitreous humor, 1.9 mg/L; liver, 194.7 mg/kg; lung, 147.6 mg/kg; and gastric content, 116,6 mg/L (2.7 mg total). Based upon the toxicological data along with the autopsy findings, the cause of death was determined to be gasoline poisoning and the manner of death was accidental. We would like to alert on the importance of testing for gasoline, and in general for volatile hydrocarbons, in work-related sudden deaths involving inhalation of hydrocarbon vapors and/or exhaust fumes. 相似文献
942.
Ryan C. Meldrum Jacob T. N. Young Carter Hay Jamie L. Flexon 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2012,28(4):673-699
Objectives
The purpose of this study is twofold. First, this study assesses the extent to which self-control and maternal attachment mutually influence one another. Second, it investigates whether this process continues to occur during adolescence. To date, studies of the etiology of self-control have yet to adequately address these issues, despite the fact that a number of theoretical perspectives emphasize the reciprocal nature of the parent-child relationship.Methods
The current study seeks to shed light on these issues by examining the relationship between self-control and maternal attachment using structural equation modeling for eight waves of data spanning a period of time that encompasses early childhood through middle adolescence.Results
The results yield two findings bearing on the adequacy of Gottfredson and Hirschi??s model of self-control development. First, measures of self-control and maternal attachment were found to mutually influence one another during childhood. Second, these effects were reduced to nonsignificance during adolescence.Conclusions
This study finds that self-control emerges during childhood in a complex manner in which it both shapes and is shaped by parental attachment. 相似文献943.
Postmus JL Plummer SB McMahon S Murshid NS Kim MS 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2012,27(3):411-430
Intimate partner violence (IPV) often includes economic abuse as one tactic commonly used by an abuser; unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical understanding of economic abuse. Additionally, research is limited on the predictors of economic self-sufficiency in the lives of women experiencing IPV. This paper furthers our knowledge about economic abuse and its relationship with economic self-sufficiency by presenting the results from an exploratory study with IPV survivors participating in a financial literacy program. Of the 120 individuals who participated in the first wave, 94% experienced some form of economic abuse, which also correlated highly with other forms of IPV. Seventy-nine percent experienced some form of economic control, 79% experienced economic exploitative behaviors, and 78% experienced employment sabotage. MANOVA results also indicated that economic control differed significantly based on education with those with a high school education experiencing higher rates than those with less than high school education or those with some college. Finally, results from the OLS regressions indicated that experiencing any form of economic abuse as well as economic control significantly predicted a decrease in economic self sufficiency. Implications suggest that advocates should assess for economic abuse when working with survivors and should be prepared to offer financial tools to increase survivors' economic self-sufficiency. Policymakers should understand the ramifications of economic abuse and create policies that support survivors and prohibit economic abuse. Finally, more research is needed to fully understand economic abuse and its impact on survivors and their economic self-sufficiency. 相似文献
944.
Claire Chamberland Barbara Fallon Tara Black Nico Trocmé Martin Chabot 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(3):201-213
The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of substantiated psychological maltreatment (PMT) in Canada on
functions of maltreatment characteristics, child profile, household profile, and child protection services interventions.
This study is based on a secondary analysis of data collected in the second Canadian Incidence Study. PMT investigations were
categorized into six groups: emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and other maltreatment as single form, and these same three
groups when they co-occurred with another form of maltreatment. Six logistic regressions, comparing all pairs of groups, were
carried out. Cases of PMT (single form) were more chronic and associated with greater adverse emotional impact than other
forms of maltreatment. Mothers of psychologically maltreated children had more mental health issues. Emotional neglect cases
were more complex (e.g., substance abuse, mental health, and social housing). The three co-occurrent groups present more negative
factors but more risk factors are observed when PMT are also observed (e.g., emotional harm, alcohol abuse, housing problems,
chronicity, and referral to other services). 相似文献
945.
946.
Régis Blazy Afef Boughanmi Bruno Deffains Jean-Daniel Guigou 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2012,33(2):399-445
This paper belongs to the growing body of the “Law and finance” literature based on time-series study. It carries out an empirical
investigation of the role of corporate governance in financial development. We focus on French corporate governance reforms
in order to examine whether these reforms are consistent with the reorganization of the French financial system, which took
place during the period 1977–2004. This research aims at evaluating one proposition of the legal origin claims based on the
idea that there is a strong and stable relationship between legal origin, investor protection and financial system. A key
question the study addresses is how corporate governance rules and the French financial development have changed over time.
Our study suggests that indicators related to investors’ rights (shareholders, employees, and bondholders) have been increasing
over time, despite the specific legal origin of the French system. On the contrary the creditors’ rights have followed a less
clear trend. Our econometric investigation is fairly new as the Law and finance literature has not until now provided corporate
governance indicators suitable for French legislation. From that perspective, our work undergoes a multiple criteria analysis
of corporate governance reforms. Following this approach, we suggest that the causality links between changes in the French
legal environment and financial growth in France are more bidirectional than unidirectional. 相似文献
947.
Luis Rodríguez-Domínguez Isabel-María García-Sánchez Isabel Gallego-álvarez 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2012,33(3):603-620
In recent years a growing interest in gender diversity has arisen in the business context, and a significant number of research studies have analysed its effect on corporate performance. Nonetheless, these studies have not led to conclusive results, perhaps owing to the complexity of the relationship. The present work focuses on analysing two possible justifications of the contradictory effects of gender diversity on company performance: the business context and the optimum size of the female presence in decision-making bodies. The results obtained show that when working conditions and academic background are similar, women achieve better performance in sectors traditionally dominated by men. Moreover, to take the best advantage of gender diversity it is recommended that boards of directors should be balanced or have a slightly higher female presence. 相似文献
948.
Secured and unsecured creditors engaged in a bankruptcy process have different preference on the issue of financial distress. Secured creditors generally prefer liquidation whereas unsecured creditors tend to promote firm??s reorganization. As a consequence, secured creditors might be an obstacle to reorganization when all classes of creditors have to vote to approve the reorganization plan. To complete this analysis, we study the link between bankrupt firm??s capital structure and the likelihood of reorganization when bankruptcy Courts (instead of creditors) decide whether or not firms are reorganized. Our main result is that the reduction of secured creditors?? influence on the reorganization process might constitute a means to promote bankrupt firm??s reorganization. More generally, the paper analyses the link between the amounts/numbers of both secured and unsecured claims and the final issues of a Court-supervised reorganization process. 相似文献
949.
Ekow N. Yankah 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2012,6(2):255-272
There is no question Arthur Ripstein’s Force and Freedom is an engaging and powerful book which will inform legal philosophy,
particularly Kantian theories, for years to come. The text explores with care Kant’s legal and political philosophy, distinguishing
it from his better known moral theory. Nor is Ripstein’s book simply a recounting of Kant’s legal and political theory. Ripstein
develops Kant’s views in his own unique vision illustrating fresh ways of viewing the entire Kantian project. But the same
strength and coherence which ties the book to Kant’s important values of independence blinds the work to our shared moral
ties grounded in other political values. Ripstein’s thoughts on punishment are novel in that he embeds criminal law, both
in its retributivist and consequentialist facets, into Kant’s overarching political philosophy to show how criminal law can
be seen as one aspect of the supremacy of public law. But a criminal law solely focused on the preservation of freedom takes
little notice of the ways criminal law need expand its view to account for how a polity can restore the victim of a crime
back to civic equality, reincorporate offenders after they have been punished and cannot leave past offenders isolated and
likely to reoffend, resulting in the rotating door prison system and communities of innocents who remain preyed upon by career
criminals. Lastly, a political theory that does not prize our civic bonds will ignore the startling balkanization of our criminal
punishment practices, where policing, arresting and imprisonment become tools of racial and social oppression. In illustrating
the benefits in viewing criminal law as a coherent part of Kant’s political theory of freedom, Ripstein also highlights what
is absent. It then becomes clear that though Kant presents one important facet of punishment, only a republican political
theory can meet the most pressing moral demands of punishment by reminding us that criminal law must be used to preserve and
strengthen civic society. 相似文献
950.