南斯拉夫的合资经营企业——外国投资法1971年修正案

<正> 自1967年以来,南斯拉夫一直把合资经营企业作为外国投资的一种模式。1971年7月,南斯拉夫为引进更多的外国资本,对有关合资经营企业组成和管理的立法作了修正。本文将集中评论1971年的修正案,但在着手全面考察1971年修正案以前,先回顾一下原立法是很有必要的。     

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) for the analysis and detection of packaged pharmaceuticals and concealed drugs

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a powerful new technique for the non-invasive detection and identification of concealed substances and drugs. Here, we demonstrate the SORS technique in several scenarios that are relevant to customs screening, postal screening, drug detection and forensics applications. The examples include analysis of a multi-layered postal package to identify a concealed substance; identification of an antibiotic capsule inside its plastic blister pack; analysis of an envelope containing a powder; and identification of a drug dissolved in a clear solvent, contained in a non-transparent plastic bottle. As well as providing practical examples of SORS, the results highlight several considerations regarding the use of SORS in the field, including the advantages of different analysis geometries and the ability to tailor instrument parameters and optics to suit different types of packages and samples. We also discuss the features and benefits of SORS in relation to existing Raman techniques, including confocal microscopy, wide area illumination and the conventional backscattered Raman spectroscopy. The results will contribute to the recognition of SORS as a promising method for the rapid, chemically specific analysis and detection of drugs and pharmaceuticals.     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group in Tibet

Y-chromosomal STRs loci were analyzed from a sample of 119 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group using a multiplex PCR system. Allele and haplotype frequencies for DYS19, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, and DYS439 were determined by the Y-PLEXtrade mark 12 kit. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3347 (DYS438) to 0.9547 (DYS385a,b). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 104 were unique, while six occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for the Y-STRs loci was 0.9981, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9897. The results in the present study can be used for routine forensic application in the region, and enrich Chinese ethnical genetic informational resources.     

反规避措施——美国反倾销反补贴法律机制的新发展

<正> 1988年贸易与竞争混合法(下称1988年贸易法)对反倾销和反补贴税法作了广泛的修正,但就大部分而言,这些修正并不重要.然而,其中有一个修正案的适用却值得认真研究.在众多的反倾销和反补贴修正案中,反规避条款可能给反倾销反补贴法律机制——美国进口救济的中流砥柱——注入了润滑剂,甚至强化了这些法律的适     

Population genetics of nine short tandem repeat loci: allele frequency distribution in a Brazilian population sample

Gene and genotype frequencies in relation to the D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820 loci were determined in a sample of 290 unrelated individuals (204 Caucasians and 86 mulattoes) living in the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. The sex test Amelogenin was also performed in all subjects from our sample, revealing the expected sex in all instances. Allele frequency data obtained from the analysis of these samples were in the usual range of other population groups with similar racial background. In the sample of Caucasian individuals, panmictic proportions were ruled out in relation to TPOX and CSF1PO loci, but only in the latter was the overall frequency of heterozygotes significantly less than expected. In the sample of mulattoes, Hardy-Weinberg proportions were rejected in relation to FGA and CSF1PO loci, but in no instance were the overall numbers of heterozygotes different from the corresponding expected ones under panmixia. Taking into account all this and also the number of tests performed, the degree of genetic heterogeneity of Brazilian populations, and the critical level reached by the significant results (1% < alpha<5%), the departures from panmixia here observed can be considered to be negligible in altering significantly biologic relationship odds calculated under the assumption of random matings.     

A line already drawn: the case for voluntary euthanasia after the withdrawal of life-sustaining hydration and nutrition

When life-sustaining hydration and nutrition is withheld from an incompetent and immobile patient like Terri Schiavo, death comes to the patient by dehydration within about two weeks. Americans should be permitted to arrange for euthanasia at that point, as opposed to merely dehydrating to death, and should be able to incorporate their desire for euthanasia into an advance directive. A state constitutional right of privacy could provide the legal avenue permitting effectuation of such a choice.     

《拉美危机面临的经济政策选择》

拉美决策者长期以来面临着以下争论:1.通货膨胀政策。拉美的通货膨胀率始终高于世界其他地区。在制定反通货膨胀政策的过程中,决策者面临着两种选择:正统的金融控制或非正统的休克疗法。有效的政策应该是合二为一。2.财政政策。这方面争论的核心是:利率应保持在什么水平上。换言之,实际利率(即名义利率减去通货膨胀率)应该是正还是负?低利率能鼓励投资,从而促进经济增长;     

走向九十年代——世界经济的挑战与东盟国家的反应

东南亚国家的经济成绩尽管原有的社会主义集团已经发生了变化,但是在东南亚地区仍然能够从市场导向型经济地区(包括东盟国家、即:文莱、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡和泰国)区分出非市场经济地区,即:缅甸、柬埔寨老挝、越南。第一表列示自1981年以来东南亚各国的经济增长率。     

新加坡贸易的新形势

英国现在加入欧洲经济共同体,人们的意见一致认为新加坡将不会遭到这个新经济组织的严重打击     

关于恩格斯法学观点的几个问题——纪念恩格斯诞生一百六十周年

<正> 恩格斯是马克思的亲密战友、杰出的革命家、伟大的思想家和卓越的学者。他毕生从事革命改造社会的斗争事业。他对辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的规律和范畴的论证,有着巨大的功绩。他"第一个说明了无产阶级不只是一个受苦的阶级……,无产阶级的