The Pivotal Role of Adolescent Autonomy in Secondary School Classrooms

Student engagement is an important contributor to school success, yet high school students routinely describe themselves as disengaged. Identifying factors that alter (increase) engagement is a key aspect of improving support for student achievement. This study investigated students’ perceptions of autonomy, teacher connection, and academic competence as predictors of changes in student engagement within the classroom from the start to the end of a course. Participants were 578 (58% female) diverse (67.8% White, 25.2% African American, 5.1% Hispanic, 1.2% Asian American) high school students from 34 classrooms who provided questionnaire data both at the start and the end of a single course. Novel results from a cross-lagged model demonstrated that students who perceived their classrooms as allowing and encouraging their own autonomy in the first few weeks increased their engagement throughout the course, rather than the typical decline in engagement that was demonstrated by students in other classrooms. This finding is unique in that it extended to both students’ perceptions of engagement and observations of student engagement, suggesting a fairly robust pattern. The pertinence of this finding to adolescent developmental needs and its relationship to educational practice is discussed.     

Acculturation, Enculturation, and Symptoms of Depression in Hispanic Youth: The Roles of Gender, Hispanic Cultural Values, and Family Functioning

The risk for depression increases as Hispanic youth acculturate to U.S. society. This association is stronger for Hispanic girls than boys. To better understand the influence of culture and family on depressive symptoms, we tested a process-oriented model of acculturation, cultural values, and family functioning. The data came from Project RED, which included 1,922 Hispanic students (53?% girls; 86?% were 14?years old; and 84?% were U.S. born) from Southern California. We used data from 9th to 11th grade to test the influence of acculturation-related experiences on depressive symptoms over time. Multi-group structural equation analysis suggested that both family conflict and cohesion were linked with depressive symptoms. Hispanic cultural values were associated with family cohesion and conflict but the strength and direction of these relationships varied across cultural values and gender. For girls and boys, familismo and respeto were associated with higher family cohesion and lower family conflict. Moreover, gender roles were linked with higher family cohesion in girls but not in boys. These results indicate that improving family functioning will be beneficial for boys' and girls' psychological well-being. This may be achieved by promoting familismo and respeto for boys and girls and by promoting traditional gender roles for girls.     

A Prospective Study of Mexican American Adolescents’ Academic Success: Considering Family and Individual Factors

Mexican American youth are at greater risk of school failure than their peers. To identify factors that may contribute to academic success in this population, this study examined the prospective relationships from 5th grade to 7th grade of family (i.e., human capital [a parent with at least a high school education], residential stability, academically and occupationally positive family role models, and family structure) and individual characteristics (i.e., externalizing symptoms, bilingualism, gender, and immigrant status) to the academic performance of 749 Mexican American early adolescents (average age = 10.4 years and 48.7% were girls in 5th grade) from economically and culturally diverse families as these youth made the transition to junior high school. Results indicated that while controlling for prior academic performance, human capital and positive family role models assessed when adolescents were in 5th grade positively related to academic performance in 7th grade. Further, being a girl also was related to greater 7th grade academic success, whereas externalizing symptoms were negatively related to 7th grade academic performance. No other variables in the model were significantly and prospectively related to 7th grade academic performance. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.     

苏维埃俄国的计划经济(续)

正第三章五年计划下的经济发展与经济政策①第一节苏维埃经济彻底社会主义化的历程起初,国外并没有把五年计划当回事,仅将其当作一种宣传,意在激励人们工作。这种怀疑论走得太远了;当计划的内容在苏维埃俄国大多得以落实时,怀疑让位于震惊,在某些圈子里,及至痴迷。然而,彻底的怀疑与过度的痴迷一样,都是非理性的。但是,怀疑论者有一点是对的:一眼就能看出,计划的巨额投资并没有带来一般生活水准的同步改善。同时,不要忘记,掌控所有资源、以     

Benevolence in Beijing

My brand new bicycle had been stolen! Disbelief. Anger! Disappointment... I had been riding it for only a day,and was as excited as a,well,a boy with a new bike. Even though I only paid what would be the equivalent of half a tank of gas for my truck back home,I was still sorely put out.     

中国走出危机的经验与俄中合作

中国和俄罗斯都经受了国际金融危机的冲击,中国以拉动内需、稳定社会、结构调整为主旨的反危机措施取得显著成效,抵御和摆脱危机的经验值得俄借鉴。俄罗斯能源依赖型增长模式受金融危机重挫,经济结构调整势在必行,创新经济是走出危机和经济复兴的根本途径。中国和俄罗斯的经济结构调整战略为两国未来合作提供了广阔空间。     

破伤风病的治疗

本文报道应用3％结晶石炭酸溶液治愈患破伤风病的一匹马和四只羊。 病马为七岁奥尔洛夫公马。检查时未发现伤口,碰敲声、明亮的光照、马的嘶叫声、触诊和其他刺激都能使病马除嚼肌以外的所有骨骼肌产生痉挛性收缩性反应。病马站立一两天后突然跌倒,四肢呈强直状,而头颈部则向脊背后仰,不能自主地站立。     

印尼农业的技术效率和远期生产增益

一、引言本文目的是评定印尼粮食经济今后能否借助农户技术效率的提高来增大生产效益。下面我们将检验关于种值水稻和杂粮作物(木茨、花生和豆类)的印尼农场抽样样本的技术效率。此外,我们也将评估技术效率、农场规模和农场位置的关系。     

亚太地区的安全稳定与俄中利益

亚太地区出现一个全新的局面。一方面,区域内的国际合作正在拓展,一个能够带来区域稳定和安全并得到普遍认同的体系正在形成。另一方面,亚太国家之间争夺地区内影响力的对抗和竞争的危险性日益加重,甚至有可能导致公开冲突并阻碍区域一体化的进程。为此,继续构建一个囊括地区内所有国家的,以合作、互信、对等安全为基础的新机制十分重要。亚太地区的发展直接影响俄罗斯联邦的利益,俄罗斯倡导要确保地区的稳定和安全,以及囊括所有亚太国家的建设性合作。近年来,俄罗斯政府特别重视促进东西伯利亚及远东地区的经济发展,该地区是俄罗斯实现亚太地区一体化的一个重要载体。开展同中国的合作,进一步开发俄罗斯远东地区,对于俄罗斯贯彻经济战略、实现经济现代化、融入亚太地区的经济空间,都具有原则性的重要意义。     

猪水泡病病毒和科赛奇B_5病毒的比较电泳检查

科赛奇B_5病毒和猪水泡病病毒的纯化悬液是经过收获和细胞团块病毒的纯化制备的。用纯化的N和H抗原级份(完整颗粒和中空颗粒)进行交叉免疫电泳。曾计算了三株猪水泡病病毒(UKG 72、HK 71和Italy 66)和二株科赛奇B_5病毒(Faulkner和8068)N抗原级份的相对迁移速度(RMV)。科赛奇B_5病毒的标准株(Faulkner)具有与最先分离到的猪水泡病病毒株Italy 66几乎一致的低相对迁移速度。一株科赛奇B_5最近分离株(8068,1973在英国分离到的)具有与1972年在英国分离到的猪水泡病病毒UKG 72株十分近似的比较高的相对迁移速度。同样,猪水泡病病毒香港毒株(HK 71)也具有高相对迁移速度值。最后讨论了这些观察结果与猪水泡病的出现之间的联系。