攻克治安“顽症”维护治安稳定

我国当前正处于人民内部矛盾凸显期、刑事犯罪高发期、对敌斗争复杂期,社会治安形势错综复杂,各地均有影响社会治安稳定和群众安全感的突出问题,人民群众将最为关心、反映最为强烈且很难解决的社会治安问题,称之为社会治安“顽症”。例如,群体矛盾频频发生,违章搭建不断增多,流浪儿童强要强索,“两怀”妇女贩毒售黄,“两抢一盗”居高不下,黑恶势力欺行霸市,零包贩毒日趋猖獗,娱乐场所乌云瘴气等等,这些社会治安“顽症”败坏了社会风气,损     

高三优等生持刀抢劫引发的思考

最近《北京青年报》以“高三优等生持刀抢劫只为证明自己已自立”为题所报到的一起案件,引起社会热议：     

MODERNIZATION AND SPORT: THE REFORM OF SPORT ENGLAND AND UK SPORT

This article evaluates the impact of New Labour's 'modernization project' on two key non-departmental public bodies for sport, Sport England and UK Sport. Our analysis concentrates on identifying the sources of the general momentum for modernization in the sport sector, how it has been interpreted by government in relation to the two organizations, the nature and consequences of modernization for both organizations, and the future of modernization. The analysis is informed by a range of public documents produced by government and by the two sports agencies, together with a series of seven interviews conducted with senior staff and members of Sport England and UK Sport and with senior civil servants in the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Our conclusions suggest that modernization has resulted in a narrowing of the two organizations' objectives, the adoption of business-like principles and a 'command and control' regime in relationships with key frontline delivery partners.     

Reflections and findings on the critical citizen: Civic education – What for?

Abstract.  The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe proclaimed the year 2005 the 'European Year of Democratic Citizenship through Education', but the question is: What does the democracy-promoting citizen look like? This article focuses on the question of whether satisfied and supportive citizens or critical citizens have attitudes that promote democracy. The discussion of this question is based on empirical results from a survey of German citizens (N = 2,000), applying bivariate and multivariate methods. Political criticism is measured by indicators of dissatisfaction, attentiveness and system preference; five types of citizens are constructed: satisfied-attentive, satisfied-inattentive, dissatisfied-attentive, dissatisfied-inattentive citizens with a preference for a democratic system, and one type preferring nondemocratic systems. The article examines which of these types are more consistent with the 'ideal citizen'– defined as a citizen who participates, is well-informed, identifies with democracy and politics, has good internal efficacy and is willing to defend democracy. The data show that attentive citizens are more likely to promote democracy than inattentive ones. Attentive citizens are politically more knowledgeable, identify more strongly with the democratic system, feel more politically competent and are more willing to defend democracy. Political satisfaction or dissatisfaction has less of an influence on these dispositions.     

STAKEHOLDERS AND PERSPECTIVISM IN QUALITATIVE POLICY EVALUATION: A REALIST REFLECTION

This paper examines the epistemological bases for the inclusion of stakeholders in policy research. While it concedes that the input of stakeholders provides essential expert and experiential knowledge for the understanding of complex policies and programmes, it contends that the approach which assumes that all interpretations of policy including those of stakeholders should be afforded equal validity, which we term relativist perspectivism, undermines the possibility of robust research by allowing power to replace methodological rigour as the primary research dynamic. It is noted that this problem tends to be more acute when the research is qualitative. A study into the gendered effects of Common Agricultural Policy reforms is used as an illustrative example of how research can be compromised by relativist perspectivism. It is argued that realist research methodologies uniquely provide the capacity to maintain epistemological robustness, while also being able to take due account of the perspectives of stakeholders.     

THE DYNAMICS OF PROFESSIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ROLES IN PUBLIC SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASE OF MODERN MATRONS IN THE ENGLISH NHS

This study contributes to research examining how professional autonomy and hierarchy impacts upon the implementation of policy designed to improve the quality of public services delivery through the introduction of new managerial roles. It is based on an empirical examination of a new role for nurses – modern matrons – who are expected by policy-makers to drive organizational change aimed at tackling health care acquired infections (HCAI) in the National Health Service (NHS) within England. First, we show that the changing role of nurses associated with their ongoing professionalization limits the influence of modern matrons over their own ranks in tackling HCAI. Second, the influence of modern matrons over doctors is limited. Third, government policy itself appears inconsistent in its support for the role of modern matrons. The attempts of modern matrons to tackle HCAI appear more effective where infection control activity is situated in professional practice and where modern matrons integrate aspirations for improved infection control within mainstream audit mechanisms in a health care organization.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: STRIKES: Studies in Twentieth Century Australian Social History. Edited by John Iremonger, John Merrit and Graeme Osborne. THE STUART AFFAIR. By Sir Roderic Chamberlain. THE EVIDENCE OF THE BIGGE REPORTS: New South Wales under Governor Macquarie. Selected and edited by John Ritchie. HISTORICAL RECORDS OF PORT PHILLIP: The First Annals of the Colony of Victoria. Edited by John J. Shillinglaw. THE MACQUARIE DECADE: Documents illustrating the History of New South Wales 1810–1821. AUSTRALIAN NAVAL ADMINISTRATION 1900–1939. By R. Hyslop. CRISES AND AUSTRALIAN DIPLOMACY. By C. Bell. BRITISH DEFENCE POLICY EAST OF SUEZ. By P. Darby. DEFENCE PERSPECTIVES. Edited by K. Keith. THE MODERNISATION IMPERATIVE AND INDIAN PLANNING. By Baldev Raj Nayar. INDIA'S DEMOCRACY. By A.H. Hanson and Janet Douglas. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972. Pp. 236. Two tables. $9.65, $4.35 paper. GANDHI'S RISE TO POWER: Indian Politics 1915–1922. By Judith M. Brown. EVERY FIFTH CHILD: The Population of China. By Leo A. Orleans. THE CHINESE YOUTH PARTY 1923–1945. By Chan Lau Kit-ching. WAGE PATTERNS AND WAGE POLICY IN MODERN CHINA 1919–1972. By Christopher Howe. THE INTERNAL POLITICS OF CHINA 1949–1972. By Jüirgen Domes. THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, 1826–67: Indian Presidency to Crown Colony. By C.M. Turnbull. VITI: An Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian or Fijian Islands 1860–1861. By Berthold Seemann; edited by Philip A. Snow. Colonial History Series Number 85. THE FOUNDERS OF CANTERBURY. Edited by Edward Jerningham Wakefield; and an introduction by Peter Burroughs. Colonial History Series Number 86. A VOYAGE TO AND FROM THE ISLAND OF BORNEO. By Daniel Beeckman; and an introduction by Chin Yoon Fong. Colonial History Series Number 87. CONFLICT BEHAVIOUR AND LINKAGE POLITICS. Edited by Jonathan Wilkenfeld. POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES: Studies in National, Comparative and International Politics. Edited by Dusan Sidjanski. THE POLITICS OF MOTION: The World of Thomas Hobbes. By T.A. Spragens jr. DEPENDENCE AND OPPORTUNITY: Political Change in Ahafo. By John Dunn and A.F. Robertson. THE PRICE OF LIBERTY: Personality and Politics in Colonial Nigeria. By Kenneth W.J. Post and George D. Jenkins. FROM RESISTANCE TO REVOLUTION: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776. By Pauline Maier. ELITE ACCOMMODATION IN CANADIAN POLITICS. By Robert Presthus. THE SELECTION OF NATIONAL PARTY LEADERS IN CANADA. By John C. Courtney. THE INFLUENCE OF THE UNITED STATES ON CANADIAN DEVELOPMENT: Eleven Case Studies. Edited by Richard A. Preston. ANGLO-AMERICAN POLITICS, 1660–1765: The Relationship between Parties in England and Colonial America. By A.G. Olson. THE ECONOMICS AND POLITICS OF SOCIALISM: Collected Essays. By Wlodzimierz Brus. THE SOVIET UNION IN WORLD AFFAIRS: A Documented Analysis, 1964–1972. By W.W. Kulski. HITLERS STRATEGY 1940–41: The Balkan Clue. By Martin L. van Crefeld. HITLERS FREE CITY: A History of the Nazi Party in Danzig, 1925–39. By Herbert S. Levine. FRENCH CAPITALISM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. By Guy P. Palmade. Translated with an Introduction by Graeme M. Holmes. THE POLICE AND THE PEOPLE: French Popular Protest, 1789–1820. By R.C. Cobb. TURGOT ON PROGRESS, SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS. Translated, edited and with an introduction by Ronald L. Meek. LAFAYETTE IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: From the October Days through the Federation. By Louis Gottschalk and Margaret Maddox. THE MEN OF THE FIRST FRENCH REPUBLIC: Political alignments in the National Convention of 1792. By Alison Patrick. THE PRO-BOERS: The Anatomy of Antiwar Movement. Edited with an introduction by Stephen Koss. THE BALANCE POINT BETWEEN LOCAL AUTONOMY AND NATIONAL CONTROL. By S.E.M. Sadek. UMNAO AND THE PRICE OF LASTING PEACE. By Edgar Ansel Mowrer and Lillian T. Mower.