RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN EXPOSURE TO CRIME: THE CITY AND SUBURBS OF CLEVELAND IN 1990*

Do minorities live in higher crime neighborhoods because they lack the class resources to live in better areas, or do racial differences in exposure to crime persist even for blacks and whites of comparable backgrounds? Does living in the suburbs reduce exposure to crime equally for whites and blacks? This study analyzes the determinants of living in local areas with higher or lower crime rates in the Cleveland metropolitan region in 1990. Multivariate models are estimated for whites and blacks, with separate models for city and suburban residents and for violent crime and property crime. Within the city, exposure to both types of crime is strongly related to socioeconomic status for both races, but there are also strong independent effects of race on exposure to violent crime. In the suburbs, whites are concentrated in communities with low crime rates regardless of their social class. There are substantial class differences among suburban nonwhites, but even afluent blacks live in places with a higher violent crime rate than do poor whites.     

Seeing Jurisdiction: Some Jurisprudential Issues Arising from Law Being ". . . All Over"

This article asks, “If law is all over, why don't we see it?” It takes seriously the fact that we see law in lawyers and buildings and police, but that there is more law out there. In this sense law is like religion, politics, and economics. It is an activity where various senses come into play. With law, we can learn to see more than we do. Jurisdiction is one of the easier areas of law to see. The article develops some of the distinctive ways we see jurisdiction and some of the ways seeing jurisdiction allows for more widespread participation in lawmaking. The article argues against our tendency to trivialize the law that we see.     

THE VALUE OF THE REMUNERATION OF HIGH CIVIL SERVANTS IN BRITAIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

The article traces a large real and comparative decline in the rewards of high civil servants in Great Britain over the 20th century, accelerating since about 1970. It relates this to developments in the market for ‘high quality’ graduates and to changes in public and governmental attitudes which have affected the size, organization and role of the civil service. It discusses possible causes of the decline in top rewards in terms of three explanatory approaches suggested by social scientists – the ‘institutional’, the ‘cultural’, and the views of the ‘Chicago School’. Finally, following an examination of changes in the way senior British civil servants are now recruited and remunerated, it considers possible outcomes in terms of effects on the part they can play in the governmental process.     

Studies in War-time Organisation: (I) THE UNITED KINGDOM COMMERCIAL CORPORATION

The war has led in Africa, as elsewhere, to large-scale organisation;and this study, by one well-qualified to know the facts, givessome account of the work in Africa of the Middle East SupplyCentre, through its principal agent, the U.K.C.C. Many of thefacts here given are published for the first time. It is hopedto follow this article by studies of other examples of war organisation,often involving several territories.