DETERRING CORPORATE CRIME*

Using event history analysis, we examine the recidivism patterns of a sample of 38 corporations charged with one or more serious antitrust violations between 1928 and 1981 to see whether sanction experience decreases the likelihood of a firm's reoffending. Specifically, we analyze the effects of procedure type (e.g., civil, criminal, and administrative redress) and proxy measures of corporate deterrence while controlling for changes in antitrust law and the economic conditions of the firm, industry, and general economy. Though not robust, there is some evidence that past guilty verdicts and changes in penalties for lawbreaking from misdemeanors to felonies inhibit recidivism. We note, however, that industry characteristics are stronger by far in their effects on future illegality than formal sanction risk or consequence. The implications of these findings for organizational deterrence and corporate crime control are discussed.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: REALIGNMENT OF WORLD POWER: The Russo-Chinese Schism Under the Impact of Mao-Tse-tung's Last Revolution. By Oton Ambroz. SAMUEL TERRY: The Botany Bay Rothschild. By Gwyneth M. Dow. RURAL INDUSTRY IN THE PORT PHILLIP REGION 1835–1880. By Lynnette J. Peel. NOT A WHITE WOMAN SAFE: Sexual Anxiety and Politics in Port Moresby 1920–1934. By Amirah Inglis. SOCIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT. Edited by E. de Kadt and Gavin Williams. POLITICAL CHANGE: Collected Essays. By David E. Apter. RICH NATIONS AND POOR IN PEACE AND WAR: Continuity and Change in the Development Hierarchy of Seventy Nations from 1913 through 1952. By Henry Barbera. ECONOMIC REALITIES IN POOR COUNTRIES. By Leslie Stein. G.D.H. COLE: An Intellectual Biography. By L.P. Carpenter. HISTORY AND WILL: Philosophical Perspectives of Mao-Tse-Tung's Thought. By F. Wakeman Jr. TO PHOENIX SEAT: An Introductory Study of Maoism and the Chinese Communist Quest for a Paradise on Earth. By L.R. Marchant. THE COUNTER REFORMATION. By G.W. Searle. ON THE MEDIEVAL ORIGINS OF THE MODERN STATE. By Joseph R. Strayer. IMPERIAL ECONOMIC POLICY, 1917–1939: Studies in Expansion and Protection. By Ian M. Drum-mond. TAMATE — A KING: James Chalmers in New Guinea. 1877–1901. By Diane Langmore. THE BASES OF INTERNATIONAL ORDER. Essays in Honour of C.A.W. Manning. Edited by Alan James. SMALL STATES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: Nobel Symposium 17. Edited by August Schou and Arne Olav Brundtland. THE MAJOR INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 1914–1973. A History and Guide With Texts. By J.A.S. Grenville. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND NATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: A Behavioral Interpretation of Contemporary International Law and Politics. By A. Sheikh. FULL CIRCLE. By S.F. Rowell. THE NUREMBERG FALLACY: Wars and War Crimes Since World War II. By Eugene Davidson. THE AUSTRALIAN COLONISTS: An Exploration of Social History 1788–1870. By K.S. Inglis. JEREMY BENTHAM: Ten Critical Essays. Edited by Bhikhu Parekh. THE DAMNED INHERITANCE: The Soviet Union and the Manchurian Crises, 1924–35. By G.A. Lensen. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS AND THE RISE OF SWEDEN. By Michael Roberts. SOCIALISM AND THE CHALLENGE OF WAR: Ideas and Politics in Britain 1912–18. By J.M. Winter. ACCUMULATION ON A WORLD SCALE: A critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment. Vols. 1 and 2. By Samir Amin. Translated by Brian Pearce. GERMANY CONFRONTS MODERNISATION: German Culture and Society, 1790–1890. By Robert Anchor. WORKERS AND PROTEST: The European Labor Movement, The Working Classes and the Origins of Social Democracy, 1890–1914. By Harvey Mitchell and Peter N. Steams. MAJOR IDEOLOGIES: An Interpretative Survey of Democracy. Socialism, and Nationalism. By Alexander Groth. CONTEMPORARY THOUGHT AND POLITICS. By Ernest Gellner. Edited with a preface by I.C. Jarvie and Joseph Agassi. MODERN DEMOCRACIES: Economic Power versus Political Power. By Maurice Duverger. DICK DETERRED: A Play in Two Acts. By David Edgar. THE IMAGE OF AUSTRALIA. British Perception of the Australian Economy from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century, By Craufurd D.W. Goodwin. CONFIDENTIAL DISPATCHES: Analyses of America by the British Ambassador, 1939–1945. Edited by Thomas E. Hachey. THE STATE'S SERVANTS: The Civil Service of the English Republic 1649–1660. By G.E. Aylmer. NORMAN LINDSAY, The Embattled Olympian. By John Hetherington. MARKETING BOARDS AND MINISTERS: A Study of Agricultural Marketing Boards as Political and Administrative Instruments. By P.J. Giddings. ELITES IN THE POLICY PROCESS. By Robert Presthus. LAW, LEGISLATION AND LIBERTY: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy. Vol. I Rules and Order. By F.A. Hayek. DEPRESSION AND RECOVERY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA 1928'29–1938'39: A Study in Cyctical and Structural Change. By G.D. Snooks. INDIA'S SECOND LIBERATION. By Pran Chopra. NORMALIZATION OF JAPANESE-SOVIET RELATIONS 1945–1970. By S. Vishwanathan. MAOISM IN ACTION: The Cultural Revolution. By C.L. Chiou. THE PLANS OF WAR: The General Staff and British Military Strategy c. 1900–1916. By John Gooch. REVUE INTERNATIONALE d'HISTOIRE MILITAIRE. A NEW HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA. Edited by F.K. Crowley. AUSTRALIAN CULTURAL ELITES: Intellectual Traditions in Sydney and Melbourne. By John Docker. SUEZ 1956. By Robert R. Bowie. LABOR IN POLITICS: The State Labor Parties in Australia 1880–1920. Edited by D.J. Murphy. J.H. SCULLIN: A Political Biography. By John Robertson.     

攻克治安“顽症”维护治安稳定

我国当前正处于人民内部矛盾凸显期、刑事犯罪高发期、对敌斗争复杂期,社会治安形势错综复杂,各地均有影响社会治安稳定和群众安全感的突出问题,人民群众将最为关心、反映最为强烈且很难解决的社会治安问题,称之为社会治安“顽症”。例如,群体矛盾频频发生,违章搭建不断增多,流浪儿童强要强索,“两怀”妇女贩毒售黄,“两抢一盗”居高不下,黑恶势力欺行霸市,零包贩毒日趋猖獗,娱乐场所乌云瘴气等等,这些社会治安“顽症”败坏了社会风气,损     

高三优等生持刀抢劫引发的思考

最近《北京青年报》以“高三优等生持刀抢劫只为证明自己已自立”为题所报到的一起案件,引起社会热议：     

MODERNIZATION AND SPORT: THE REFORM OF SPORT ENGLAND AND UK SPORT

This article evaluates the impact of New Labour's 'modernization project' on two key non-departmental public bodies for sport, Sport England and UK Sport. Our analysis concentrates on identifying the sources of the general momentum for modernization in the sport sector, how it has been interpreted by government in relation to the two organizations, the nature and consequences of modernization for both organizations, and the future of modernization. The analysis is informed by a range of public documents produced by government and by the two sports agencies, together with a series of seven interviews conducted with senior staff and members of Sport England and UK Sport and with senior civil servants in the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Our conclusions suggest that modernization has resulted in a narrowing of the two organizations' objectives, the adoption of business-like principles and a 'command and control' regime in relationships with key frontline delivery partners.     

Mediator Settlement Strategies

Settling cases poses a challenging task for the mediator. Most disputes are hotly contested by both parties or they would not have progressed to the point of entering the court arena or mediation. Yet, despite differences in the nature of their cases, the organization of each program we have studied, and the style of mediation predominating in each, striking similarities exist in the techniques used by the mediators to settle cases. Observation of over 40 different mediators in 175 mediation sessions in three programs suggests that in order to do the job which they are charged with accomplishing—bringing mediation cases to settlement— mediators develop a repertoire of strategies employing a variety of sources of power. Mediator strategies fall into four principal categories: presentation of self and the program, control of the process of mediation, control of the substantive issues in mediation, and activation of commitments and norms. Mediators empower themselves by claiming authority for themselves, their task, or the program based upon values external to the immediate situation, or manipulate the immediate situation so that settlement is more rather than less likely. Based upon their differential use of these strategies, mediator styles fall along a continuum between two types: bargaining and therapy. Mediation seems to range between a bargaining process conducted in the shadow of the court to a communication process which resembles therapy in its focus upon exploring and enunciating feelings .