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941.
942.
Jennifer R. Mallette John F. Casale Valerie L. Colley David R. Morello James Jordan 《Science & justice》2018,58(2):90-97
For nearly 30 years, the methods utilized in illicit cocaine hydrochloride production have remained relatively consistent. Cocaine hydrochloride is typically produced one kilogram at a time. As a result, each individual kilogram is unique and distinct from other kilograms in any particular seizure based on the total alkaloid profile, occluded solvent profile, and isotopic signature. Additionally, multi-kilogram cocaine seizures are often comprised of cocaine from several different coca growing regions. There has been a documented shift in this type of processing based on the recent analysis of a large cocaine seizure in the Eastern Pacific. Signature analyses of samples from 21 kg randomly selected from a 517 kg seizure were virtually identical. Triplicate analyses of each sample via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, static headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were completed. An initial outlier evaluation of the data and an in-depth univariate analysis indicated there was no statistically significant difference among the 21 samples at the 95% confidence interval. Principal components analysis did reveal consistent minor deviations between the samples and known authentic data from the Nariño coca growing region of Colombia. These deviations were only observed on the latter principal components and could be explained by differences in solvent selection during cocaine hydrochloride processing. Chemical analyses in addition to a thorough statistical evaluation suggest a shift in the traditional small-batch method of cocaine processing to a multi-kilogram, high throughput approach. 相似文献
943.
Report of Increasing Overdose Deaths that include Acetyl Fentanyl in Multiple Counties of the Southwestern Region of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 2015–2016
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Jessica B. Dwyer M.D. Jennifer Janssen M.S. Todd M. Luckasevic D.O. Karl E. Williams M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(1):195-200
Acetyl fentanyl is a Schedule I controlled synthetic opioid that is becoming an increasingly detected “designer drug.” Routine drug screening procedures in local forensic toxicology laboratories identified a total of 41 overdose deaths associated with acetyl fentanyl within multiple counties of the southwestern region of the state of Pennsylvania. The range, median, mean, and standard deviation of blood acetyl fentanyl concentrations for these 41 cases were 0.13–2100 ng/mL, 11 ng/mL, 169.3 ng/mL, and 405.3 ng/mL, respectively. Thirty‐six individuals (88%) had a confirmed history of substance abuse, and all but one case (96%) were ruled multiple drug toxicities. This report characterizes this localized trend of overdose deaths associated with acetyl fentanyl and provides further evidence supporting an alarmingly concentrated opiate and opioid epidemic of both traditional and novel drugs within this region of the United States. 相似文献
944.
Jennifer M. Pacella 《American Business Law Journal》2018,55(2):261-313
In 2015 the corporate world was jolted as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) commenced its first enforcement action against employer‐mandated confidentiality agreements to silence would‐be whistleblowers, imposing sanctions on KBR Inc. (KBR) for contractually restricting its employees from becoming whistleblowers. Lying dormant until this action, Dodd–Frank's Rule 21F‐17, which bars restrictions on SEC whistleblowing, now provides the SEC with an active enforcement mechanism through which the agency regularly penalizes noncompliant employers. Although it is now clear from a regulatory standpoint that such confidentiality agreements violate the law, Rule 21F‐17 is void of guidance or explanation as to a much thornier question—whether employers may restrict their employees from turning over to the SEC internal, confidential documents supporting their whistleblowing disclosures. While incorporating the results of a request by the author under the Freedom of Information Act pertaining to Dodd–Frank's whistleblower submission process, this article is the first scholarly attempt to fill this void in the law. By integrating law from related legal doctrines, including contract law, employment law, and precedent under the False Claims Act, this article proposes regulatory amendments to Rule 21F‐17 that balance the employer's concern of safeguarding confidential documents with the whistleblower's need for providing documentary support of his or her claims. Such clarifications to the law will not only provide the SEC and the courts a clear mechanism to determine the lawfulness of such transmissions, but will, most importantly, serve as advance guidance to whistleblowers as to the boundaries of relying on documentary support as they reveal wrongdoing. 相似文献
945.
Sree Kanthaswamy Ph.D. Bradley K. Tom M.S. Anna‐Maria Mattila M.S. Eric Johnston M.S. Melody Dayton M.S. Jennifer Kinaga B.S. Bethany Joy‐Alise Erickson B.S. Joy Halverson D.V.M. Dennis Fantin Ph.D. Sue DeNise Ph.D. Alexander Kou B.S. Venkat Malladi B.S. Jessica Satkoski Ph.D. Bruce Budowle Ph.D. David Glenn Smith Ph.D. Mikko T. Koskinen Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(4):829-840
Abstract: Canine biological specimens are often part of the physical evidence from crime scenes. Until now, there have been no validated canine‐specific forensic reagent kits available. A multiplex genotyping system, comprising 18 short tandem repeats (STRs) and a sex‐linked zinc finger locus for gender determination, was developed for generating population genetic data assessing the weight of canine forensic DNA profiles. Allele frequencies were estimated for 236 pedigreed and 431 mixed breed dogs residing in the U.S. Average random match probability is 1 in 2 × 1033 using the regional database and 1 in 4 × 1039 using the breed dataset. Each pedigreed population was genetically distinct and could be differentiated from the mixed breed dog population but genetic variation was not significantly correlated with geographic transition. Results herein support the use of the allele frequency data with the canine STR multiplex for conveying the significance of identity testing for forensic casework, parentage testing, and breed assignments. 相似文献
946.
Background: The Caring Letters Project (CLP) is a suicide prevention program that involves sending brief caring letters to discharged inpatients following psychiatric hospitalization. Several studies suggest that repeatedly sending caring messages may reduce suicides and suicide attempts in high-risk populations. Aims: The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate feasibility of use in the military setting, (2) explore trends toward reduction of psychiatric rehospitalizations, (3) assess preference for and test e-mail correspondence, and (4) identify best practices and gather data to inform a randomized controlled study. Methods: A total of 110 psychiatric inpatients at a military treatment facility consented, were interviewed, and then received personalized handwritten letters or e-mails at regular intervals following discharge. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, preference for e-mail versus postal mail, rates of undeliverable and return correspondence, rehospitalizations, and adverse events requiring safety procedures. Results: A total of 436 letters and e-mails have been sent to date. Most participants indicated preference for e-mail versus postal mail. Fifteen participants were readmitted for treatment compared to 20 patients in usual care. Twenty participants sent responses and all were positive statements about the program. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: This program is feasible for use at a military treatment facility. A randomized controlled trial is needed to determine whether the intervention can reduce suicide rates among military and veteran populations. 相似文献
947.
This study examined a large sample of women recruited out of court at the time they received a civil protective order to better
understand relationship status after obtaining a protective order (PO) and factors associated with protective order violations.
Results are consistent with prior research suggesting that the protective order may be the impetus in separating from the
abusive partner for some women, while for other women it is part of the separation process. Results also indicated that five
out of ten women who did not continue a relationship experienced a violation while seven out of ten women who did continue
a relationship with the PO partner experienced a violation. The majority of women felt safer and reported they believed the
protective order was effective 13 months post-PO, regardless of relationship status. Furthermore, stalking played a significant
role in separation from an abusive relationship and in protective order violations regardless of relationship status. Implications
for practice and future research are discussed.
相似文献
TK LoganEmail: |
948.
Jennifer M. Coston 《公共行政管理与发展》1998,18(5):479-493
Governance interventions have evolved to a much greater emphasis on the demand side of good or democratic governance. This article discusses the need for an appropriate balance between both the demand and the supply sides. In short, while citizens need to demand, governments need to respond; both are capable of some supply; and none of these should be taken for granted. The pros and cons of a balanced approach are discussed, as well as the risks of imbalance. The article also begins to explore what a balanced approach might look like, arguing that balanced approaches incorporate a reorientation and expansion of various mechanisms of control: hierarchic/bureaucratic mechanisms are reoriented to embrace and promote democratic principles and opportunities for exit and voice; market mechanisms are exploited wherever possible; and clan mechanisms based on trust and repeated interaction are introduced and emphasized. Brief examples demonstrate that operationalizing a balanced approach entails consensus building through a series of negotiations among key stakeholders. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
949.
Meca Alan Allison Kelsie Kubilus Richie Olthuis Janine V. Merrill Jennifer E. Zamboanga Byron L. Wyrick David Milroy Jeffrey J. Carr Kyla 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2021,50(12):2363-2373
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Although prior studies have indicated athletic identity plays a role in alcohol use among college athletes, this research has largely drawn on a unidimensional... 相似文献
950.