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261.
Albert A. Harrison 《Astropolitics》2013,11(1-2):25-44
A product of science, religion, and national culture, cosmism is reflected in academic and popular views about our place in the universe, space exploration, and human destiny. Although linked historically to the Russians, cosmism captures many aspects of American thinking about space. The present comparison shows that prophets, prophecies, striving for perfection, utopian visions, and hopes for salvation are evident in both Russian and American thought, but that there are also differences. Geert Hofstede's cross–cultural research on national values—power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance—is useful for understanding Russian–American differences. Russian acceptance of power inequalities, collectivism, concern for group welfare, and aversion to uncertainty lead to constellations of beliefs and emotions about spaceflight that differ from those bred by American egalitarianism, individualism, obsession with personal achievement, and acceptance of uncertainty. Both Russian and American thinking include occult and paranormal phenomena, but Americans have been more reluctant to assimilate such influences within mainstream science. As a concept, American cosmism captures the occasional blurring of the lines between religion and science in discussions of humanity's place in the universe and future in space. 相似文献
262.
Albert Schrauwers 《Economy and Society》2013,42(3):373-398
Abstract The emergence of the modern corporation occurs at the same time as that of the modern state and liberal governmentality, although its role in the development of ‘bio-power’ has not been carefully examined. This article examines the royal use of corporations to manage the poor through work creation schemes and hence effect a capitalist transformation of the eastern Netherlands; specifically, the creation of the Dutch textile industry. These work creation schemes drew on the cameralistic ‘police sciences’ that Foucault cites in his genealogy of bio-power. This article traces the means by which cameralistic disciplinary techniques for the control of paupers were adopted by entrepreneurs who replaced Willem I, the ‘merchant-king’ as the ‘visible hand of the market’. It highlights the origins of managerialism in ‘social’ not ‘political economy’. 相似文献
263.
Ashenfelter Orley; Collins William J.; Yoon Albert 《American Law and Economics Review》2006,8(2):213-248
The public profile of the Brown v. Board of Education decisiontends to overshadow the well-established fact that racial disparitiesin school resources in the South began narrowing 20 years beforethe Brown decision and that school desegregation did not beginon a large scale in the Deep South until ten years after theBrown decision. We instead view Brown as a highly visible markerof public policys mid-century reversal on matters ofrace. When we examine the labor market outcomes of male workersin 1990, we find that southern-born blacks who would have finishedtheir schooling just before effective desegregation occurredin the South fared poorly compared to southern-born blacks whofollowed behind them in school by just a few years, relativeto northern-born blacks in same age cohorts. 相似文献
264.
David B. Audretsch Barry Bozeman Kathryn L. Combs Maryann Feldman Albert N. Link Donald S. Siegel Paula Stephan Gregory Tassey Charles Wessner 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2002,27(2):155-203
This paper provides a non-technical, accessible introduction to various topics in the burgeoning literature on the economics of science and technology. This is an interdisciplinary literature, drawing on the work of scholars in the fields of economics, public policy, sociology and management. The aim of this paper is to foster a deeper appreciation of the economic importance of science and technology issues. We also hope to stimulate additional research on these topics. 相似文献
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266.
Albert W. Alschuler 《The Journal of legal history》2013,34(1):91-97
The Usatges of Barcelona: The Fundamental Law of Catalonia. Donald J. Kagay (Trans. and ed.). Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1995. xii + 140pp. (inc. Index). £28.40 hb/£12.95 pb. ISBN 0 8122 3256 9/0 8122 1535 4. Medieval Canon Law. James A. Brundage. London and New York. 1995. Longman, xii + 260 pp. (inc. Index). £12.99 pb. ISBN 0 582 09356 2. Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England. J. Kermode and G. Walker (eds.). London. 1994. UCL Press, viii + 216pp. (incl. Index). £35 hb/£11.95 pb. IBSN 1 85728 140 3/1 85728 141 1. Law and English Railway Capitalism 1825–1875. R.W. Kostal. Oxford. 1994. Clarendon Press, xii + 417 pp. (incl. Index) £45 hb. ISBN 0 19 825671 X. Victorian Insolvency; Bankruptcy, Imprisonment for Debt, and Company Winding‐Up in Nineteenth‐Century England. V. Markham Lester. Oxford. 1995. Clarendon Press, xiii + 354 pp. (incl. Index). £40 hb. ISBN 0 19 820518 X. 相似文献
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269.
Albert O. Hirschman 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(1):5-28
In this article we consider a twofold problem: (a) the foreign aid cost of changing a stagnant or ‘trapped’ economy to one which is capable of sustaining its own growth, and (b) the accrued benefits of a family planning programme in achieving this. Specifically, we cite the case of an economy trapped in a so‐called low‐level equilibrium and evaluate the change in the amount of foreign aid that is required to achieve self‐sustained growth when the birth rate declines. By use of a simplified model, we conclude that a general 10 per cent reduction in age‐specific birth‐rates may lead to savings of 2 5–50 per cent in discounted aid requirements. 相似文献
270.
Under the doctrine of vicarious liability, a deep-pocket principal is often held responsible for a third-party harm caused by a judgment-proof agent’s negligence. We analyze the incentive contract used by the principal to control the agent’s behavior when a court can make an error in determining the agent’s negligence. We show that (1) reducing the error of declaring the agent not negligent even when he was (pro-defendant or type II error) is better than reducing the error of declaring the agent negligent even when he was not (pro-plaintiff or type I error) and (2) allowing the principal to penalize the agent even when the court declares the agent not negligent improves welfare. The latter supports the argument that causing an accident (or a reliable allegation of misconduct) should be sufficient to justify a “just cause” termination of an employee. 相似文献