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Jeffrey L. Geller William H. Fisher Albert J. Grudzinskas Jr. Jonathan C. Clayfield Ted Lawlor 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2006,29(6):551
In American jurisprudence, two justifications have traditionally been put forth to support the government's social control of persons with mental illness: police power and parens patriae. As public mental hospitals became less available as loci in which to exercise these functions, governments sought alternative means to achieve the same ends. One prominent but quite controversial means is involuntary outpatient treatment (IOT). While the concerns about IOT have been myriad, one often alluded to but never documented is that of “net-widening.” That is, once IOT became available, it would be applied to an ever greater number of individuals, progressively expanding the margins of the designated population to whom it is applied, despite the formal standard for its application remaining constant. We tested the net-widening belief in a naturalistic experiment in Massachusetts. We found that net-widening did not occur, despite an environment strongly conducive to that expansion. At this time, whatever the arguments against IOT might be, net-widening should not be one of them. 相似文献
33.
Albert H. Rubenstein Eliezer Geisler Rasika Abeysinghe 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1997,22(3):49-56
The conversion of R&D into commercial new products has long been considered a basic tenet of industrial innovation and competitiveness. This paper describes the key variables that affect the successful commercialization of new technologies in industrial companies. Drawing on the authors' own research and consulting experience with hundreds of US and foreign companies, the paper examines the more effective practices, identifies key barriers and problem areas, and provides some conclusions and implications for practicing managers. 相似文献
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We present three cases of fatal dog maulings of infants placed in mobile infant swings, a phenomenon not previously described in the literature. In each case, the victim was left in a mobile swing, unsupervised by an adult, and the attacking dog was a family pet. Case 1 involved an 18-day-old male infant attacked by a pit bull; Case 2 involved a 3-month-old male infant attacked by a Chow Chow and/or a Dachshund, and Case 3 involved an 18-day-old female infant attacked by a Labrador-pit bull mix. These cases not only underscore the importance of not leaving young children unattended in the presence of pet dogs, but also raise the possibility that mobile swings may trigger a predatory response in dogs and thus may represent an additional risk factor for dog attack. 相似文献
38.
Shay AS 《Journal of health law》2005,38(3):423-448
Hospitals often engage in physician recruitment in an effort to fulfill a community need for a particular medical specialty. In doing so, the hospital must comply with the regulatory requirements of the physician recruitment exception of the Stark law, which over the years has generated a great deal of discussion and perhaps confusion. The publication of the Stark II, Phase II regulations in March 2004 was supposed to provide guidance and clarity, but the new regulations have raised a number of new issues and concerns, particularly regarding the requirements imposed on recruiting arrangements involving group practices. This Article reviews the regulatory requirements of the new physician recruitment exception and addresses several of the concerns that have been raised. Specifically, it examines the new regulatory definition of the "geographic area served by the hospital," the restrictions on income guarantees when the recruited physician joins a group practice, and the prohibition on additional practice restrictions. The author concludes that, while some of these concerns are legitimate, others will have little practical implication and should not hinder the ability of hospitals to engage in reasonable, beneficial recruitment activities. 相似文献
39.
Craig Dowden Craig Bennell Sarah Bloomfield 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2007,22(1):44-56
Despite the immense popularity of offender profiling as both a topic of fascination for the general public as well as an academic
field of study, concerns have been raised about the development of this area of scientific inquiry. The present study provides
a preliminary step towards moving the field forward as it reviews the type and quality of studies dealing with offender profiling
over the past 31 years. Based on a content analysis of 132 published articles, the review indicates that researchers investigating
this phenomenon rarely publish multiple articles, and they are generally reported across many different journals, thereby
making knowledge synthesis and knowledge transfer problematic. In addition, the majority of papers published in the area are
discussion pieces (e.g., discussing what profiling is, how profiles are constructed, and when profiling is useful), despite
the fact that the processes underlying offender profiling are still not well understood. Finally, although peer-reviewed articles
exploring this topic have steadily increased, the statistical sophistication of these studies is sorely lacking, with most
including no statistics or formal analyses of data. Suggestions for future research and recommendations to streamline efforts
in this field are provided based on the results of this review.
相似文献
Craig BennellEmail: |
40.
Jackson SA Mammel MK Patel IR Mays T Albert TJ LeClerc JE Cebula TA 《Forensic science international》2007,168(2-3):183-199
Here, we describe a novel microarray-based approach for investigating the genomic diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a semi-high throughput manner using a high density, oligonucleotide-based microarray. This microarray, designed to detect polymorphisms at each of 60,000 base-pair (bp) positions within an E. coli genome, is composed of overlapping 29-mer oligonucleotides specific for 60 equally spaced, 1000-bp loci of the E. coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 chromosome. By use of a novel 12-well microarray that permitted the simultaneous investigation of 12 strains, the genomes of 44 individual isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were interrogated. These analyses revealed more than 150 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and several deletions and amplifications in the test strains. Pyrosequencing was used to confirm the usefulness of the novel SNPs by determining their allelic frequency among a collection of diverse isolates of E. coli O157:H7. The tiling DNA microarray system would be useful for the tracking and identification of individual strains of E. coli O157:H7 needed for forensic investigations. 相似文献