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101.
Prieto L Montesino M Salas A Alonso A Albarrán C Alvarez S Crespillo M Di Lonardo AM Doutremepuich C Fernández-Fernández I de la Vega AG Gusmão L López CM López-Soto M Lorente JA Malaghini M Martínez CA Modesti NM Palacio AM Paredes M Pena SD Pérez-Lezaun A Pestano JJ Puente J Sala A Vide M Whittle MR Yunis JJ Gómez J;Spanish Portuguese Working Group of the International Society of Forensic Genetics 《Forensic science international》2003,134(1):46-53
We report the results of Spanish and Portuguese working group (GEP) of International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) Collaborative Exercise 2001-2002 on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. 64 laboratories from Spain, Portugal and several Latin-American countries participated in this quality control exercise. Five samples were sent to the participating laboratories, four blood stains (M1-M4) and a sample (M5) consisting of two hair shaft fragments. M4 was non-human (Felis catus) in origin; therefore, the capacity of the labs to identify the biological source of this sample was an integral part of the exercise. Some labs detected the non-human origin of M4 by carrying out immuno-diffussion techniques using antihuman serum, whereas others identified the specific animal origin by testing the sample against a set of animal antibodies or by means of the analysis of mtDNA regions (Cyt-b, 12S, and 16S genes). The results of the other three human blood stains (M1-M3) improved in relation to the last Collaborative Exercises but those related to hairs yielded a low rate of success which clearly contrasts with previous results. As a consequence of this, some labs performed additional analysis showing that the origin of this low efficiency was not the presence of inhibitors, but the low quantity of DNA present in these specific hair samples and the degradation.As a general conclusion the results emphasize the need of external proficiency testing as part of the accreditation procedure for the labs performing mtDNA analysis in forensic casework. 相似文献
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Under the traditional socialist central planning system, economic growth in China and Vietnam was unstable and not very satisfactory.
Yet, both countries achieved a remarkable progress in the area of human development. Later, under the market socialist model,
China and Vietnam achieved very high rates of GDP growth, and malnutrition declined significantly. Yet, income distribution
and the provision of key public services deteriorated in both countries. Progress in reducing child mortality in China was
relatively slow, before improving in the early 2000s. Although Vietnam is much poorer than China, and has been growing less
fast, its record in this area was markedly better. We show that this apparent paradox is due mainly to the fact that the negative
side-effects of market-oriented reforms have reached a more advanced and alarming stage in China than in Vietnam. Our results
also suggest that an additional factor is constituted by a relatively better status of women in Vietnam with respect to China.
However, we also warn that signs are emerging in Vietnam too, indicating that it is entering a stage of development where
the social problems now evident in China are starting to manifest themselves on a large and worrying scale. Our policy conclusions
advocate in favour of re-establishing (in a new form, compatible with the maintenance of the economic dynamism of the market
socialist system) some positive features of the pre-reform socialist model, among which universal public provision of basic
public services is paramount.
相似文献
Alberto GabrieleEmail: |
105.
This article focuses on the Italian and Spanish models of growth and analyses labour market, human capital and innovation policy reforms since the mid 1990s. The comparison with France and Germany shows the constraints that have hindered the rise of institutional complementarities and the competitiveness of the two Mediterranean countries already before the introd uction of the euro and the outbreak of the 2008 crisis. The analysis highlights both similarities and structural differences between Italy and Spain and demonstrates the long-term institutional conditions that explain why the economic breakdown has had such a deep impact on the two countries. 相似文献
106.
Marina Aliste M.Sc. Sandra Arranz M.Sc. Alicia Sánchez-Ortega Ph.D. M. Carmen Sampedro Ph.D. Nora Unceta Ph.D. Alberto Gómez-Caballero Ph.D. Asier Vallejo Ph.D. Maria Aranzazu Goicolea Ph.D. Ramón J. Barrio Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(4):1094-1101
Currently, aluminum stub with carbon adhesive devices are used to collect inorganic gunshot residues (GSR) from the hands of a shooter. In an ideal shooting case, the gunshot particles do not persist for more than 2 h in the hands of the shooter, provided that the hands have not been washed. However, for forensic analysis and inference, the extended persistence of GSR would be desirable. This study investigates a novel GSR sampling and detection protocol. Sampling was performed in the nostrils using swab devices impregnated in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The GSRs persisted for longer periods in nasal mucus than on the hands, and particles were detected 6 h after shooting occurred. The analytical determination was conducted by scanning laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SLA-ICPMS) which enable the identification of the number of particles and their elemental composition. Seventeen isotope signals corresponding to 13C, 205Tl and 15 analytes that are usually associated with the composition of GSR residues were monitored: 27Al, 29Si, 31P, 33S, 35Cl, 39K, 44Ca, 57Fe, 60Ni, 63Cu, 66Zn, 118Sn, 121Sb, 137Ba, and 208Pb. The SLA technique enabled the reduction of the swab analysis time to 40 min. The effectiveness of this methodology was evaluated with two types of firearms: a pistol and a shotgun. The results indicated that the methodology proposed for the analysis of the nasal GSR was effective and that it can improve or complement the forensic analyses and inferences presented in a court. 相似文献
107.
Stefania Tritella M.D. Zuzana Obertová Ph.D. Luca Maria Sconfienza M.D. Ph.D. Federica Collini M.D. Enrica Cristini M.D. Alberto Amadasi M.D. Barbara Ciprandi M.D. Riccardo Spairani M.D. Domenico Albano M.D. Alessia Viero M.D. Annalisa Cappella Ph.D. Paolo Cammilli M.D. Francesco Sardanelli M.D. Ph.D. Cristina Cattaneo M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):2112-2116
Better understanding of the timing of fracture healing may help in cases of interpersonal violence but also of personal identification. The intra- and inter-rater agreement for the adapted fracture healing scale (AFHS) assessing the post-traumatic time interval on radiographs were tested. This is a preliminary study, providing essential information on method reliability for upcoming studies using the AFHS. Five raters (two radiologists, a forensic pathologist, an orthopedist, and an anthropologist) were presented with a test in three parts consisting of 85 radiographs (from 30 adults) of fractures of tubular bones in different stages of healing purposefully selected from more than 1500 radiographs. The raters were firstly asked to assess 15 features describing fracture healing as present, absent, or not assessable. Thereafter, the raters were asked to choose from the AFHS a single-stage best representing the observed healing pattern. The intra- and inter-rater agreement were assessed using single-rating, absolute agreement, two-way mixed-effects intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients. The intra-rater ICC of radiologist 1 ranged from 0.80 to 0.94. The radiologists’ inter-rater ICC ranged from 0.68 to 0.74, while it ranged from −0.01 to 0.90 for the other raters. The good to excellent ICC among the radiologists and forensic anthropologist provides good foundation for the use of the AFHS in forensic cases of trauma dating. The poor to good results for the other physicians indicate that using the AFHS requires training in skeletal anatomy and radiology. 相似文献
108.
Associations between Cultural Stressors,Cultural Values,and Latina/o College Students’ Mental Health
Rosalie Corona Vivian M. Rodríguez Shelby E. McDonald Efren Velazquez Adriana Rodríguez Vanessa E. Fuentes 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(1):63-77
Latina/o college students experience cultural stressors that negatively impact their mental health, which places them at risk for academic problems. We explored whether cultural values buffer the negative effect of cultural stressors on mental health symptoms in a sample of 198 Latina/o college students (70?% female; 43?% first generation college students). Bivariate results revealed significant positive associations between cultural stressors (i.e., acculturative stress, discrimination) and mental health symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depressive, psychological stress), and negative associations between cultural values of familismo, respeto, and religiosity and mental health symptoms. Several cultural values moderated the influence of cultural stressors on mental health symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of helping Latina/o college students remain connected to their families and cultural values as a way of promoting their mental health. 相似文献
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Journal of Indian Philosophy - This paper investigates Vācaspati Mi?ra’s remarkably complex argumentative architecture in support of non-difference by means of a microsimulation... 相似文献