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Rögnvaldur Hannesson 《The Review of International Organizations》2010,5(4):461-474
It is analyzed how size differences among countries affect the benefits from climate coalitions. It is shown that size differences
lead to smaller coalitions and greater benefits than coalitions among identical countries. The importance of trigger strategies
for supporting cooperative solutions is considered. A real world example, based on the world’s six largest emitters, is used
to illustrate the implications of size differences in terms of emissions versus valuations of benefits. Climate coalitions
become smaller when ranking in terms of benefits is different from ranking in terms of emissions. Three cases of benefit valuations
are considered: benefits equal (i) share in world emissions, (ii) share in world GDP, and (iii) share of world population. 相似文献
954.
RAHGURAM G. RAJAN 《新观察季刊》2010,27(4):7-9
The United States accuses China of subsidizing its entire export economy through artificially undervaluing its currency. China accuses the United States of fiscal profligacy while flooding the world with easy credit to keep its economy afloat. This dispute reflects the reality that the world's two largest economies are built on opposite dynamics of production and savings vs. consumerism and debt. In Europe, the wages of unsustainable debt that financed the welfare state have also come due. Rebalancing the global economy in this context is not only a matter of fixing exchange or interest rates and extending the retirement age. It must also involve a recalibration of democracy in both East and West. Two Nobel economists, the Greek prime minister, a ranking Chinese economist and the former chief economist of the IMF address these issues. 相似文献
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Cheryl Gore-Felton Seth C. Kalichman Michael J. Brondino Eric G. Benotsch Marjorie Cage Kari DiFonzo 《Journal of family violence》2006,21(4):263-270
Childhood sexual abuse has been associated with HIV transmission risk behavior in men who have sex with men. This study examined an adapted model that was originally developed to explain the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk behavior among women in a sample of men who have sex with men. Men attending a large gay pride event (n=647) completed anonymous surveys that assessed demographic characteristics, childhood sexual abuse, symptoms of dissociation, trauma-related anxiety, borderline personality characteristics, hopelessness, substance use, and sexual risk behavior. A latent variable partial least squares analysis was conducted to test the interrelationships between childhood sexual abuse, exchanging sex for money or drugs, emotional disturbances, drug use, substance use in the context of sexual behavior, and sexual risk behavior. The model fit the data well and accounted for 10% of the total variance in sexual risk behavior. History of childhood sexual abuse predicted exchanging sex for money or drugs and this relationship was partly accounted for by active drug use. Substance use proximal to sexual behavior also emerged as a key factor in predicting sexual risk behavior. Findings from this study, therefore, indicate a direct association between history of child sexual abuse and high risk for HIV infection related to engaging in sex trade. 相似文献
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The authors previously explored invention licensing from the university's perspective. In this paper we focus on the process from the perspective of firms activity engaged in licensing technology. A survey of industry licensing professionals addresses why some firms license technologies from universities and why others do not. The paper then considers the stage of development of university technologies, the characteristics of their licensing contracts, and sources of information about university technologies, all to better understand how the process works and what advantages and disadvantages it offers to all participants. 相似文献
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John M MacDonald Patrick W ManzGeoffrey P Alpert Roger G Dunham 《Journal of criminal justice》2003,31(2):119
Over the past decade, the use of force by the police has become an important public policy concern and topic of social science research. A number of researchers hypothesized about the factors that explain the amount of force used by police officers. Prior research focused almost exclusively on the highest level of force used in police-citizen interactions and neglected to examine the relative amount of forced used by the police compared to that used by suspects. To address this shortcoming, this study analyzed data from three years of official use-of-force reports in the Miami-Dade Police Department (MDPD). Contrary to studies that examine only the use of force by the police, this study found that the relative amount of force used by the police was greatest in the less threatening types of offenses. The implications of this study for research and policy are discussed. 相似文献