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161.
Amy Kapczynski 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2009,37(2):264-268
This commentary offers a response to the Sonderholm, Bird, and Flynn et al. articles, and argues that the current innovation crisis requires more ambitious approaches, as well as a serious consideration of alternative mechanisms for R&D such as prizes. 相似文献
162.
Leanna Stiefel Amy Ellen Schwartz Ingrid Gould Ellen 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2007,26(1):7-30
We examine the size and distribution of the gap in test scores across races within New York City public schools and the factors that explain these gaps. While gaps are partially explained by differences in student characteristics, such as poverty, differences in schools attended are also important. At the same time, substantial within‐school gaps remain and are only partly explained by differences in academic preparation across students from different race groups. Controlling for differences in classrooms attended explains little of the remaining gap, suggesting little role for within‐school inequities in resources. There is some evidence that school characteristics matter. Race gaps are negatively correlated with school size—implying small schools may be helpful. In addition, the trade‐off between the size and experience of the teaching staff in urban schools may carry unintended consequences for within‐school race gaps. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
163.
Elkind’s (1967) theory of adolescent egocentrism proposes two distinct, but related, constructs – the imaginary audience and the personal fable. A corollary to the imaginary audience, the personal fable (PF) yields a sense of invulnerability and speciality commonly
associated with behavioral risk-taking. When regarded as a developmental phenomenon, risk-taking is thought to be the result
of cognitive immaturity. However, few adolescent health programs address the egocentric dimension of decision making. We believe
that a valid and reliable measure of PF would aid assessment of risk-taking potential and inform preventive interventions.
The present paper reports the results of a newly constructed measure of PF and its relation to risk-taking behavior. The following
three hypotheses were tested using data from an availability sample of 119 middle school students: 1. PF scores will increase
with age; 2. males will score higher than females on the invulnerability dimension of PF; and 3. PF and risk-taking will be
positively correlated. As predicted, PF scores increased significantly across the age range studied. Of the two PF dimensions,
only invulnerability significantly varied across grades. Males reported significantly higher invulnerability scores than females,
and PF and risk-taking were positively correlated. Suggestions for the implementation of this new and, arguably, reliable
and valid scale are presented.
Amy Alberts, M. A., is currently pursuing a doctoral degree in Applied Child Development at the Eliot-Pearson Department of
Child Development, Tufts University. Ms. Alberts’ research interests include psychosocial adjustment during the pubertal transition
and adolescent-parent relationships.
David Elkind, Ph.D. is Professor of Child Development at Tufts University. His research has been in the areas of social and
cognitive development, building upon the research and theory of Jean Piaget. His latest book, The Power of Play will be Published
by DaCapo Press in 2007. I have served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Youth and Adolescence for almost two decades.
Although Dan and I have not always agreed on adolescent issues it has always been a responsible, mutually respecting disagreement.
As an editor, Dan has always been sensitive, thoughtful and supportive, a pleasure to work with and for.
Stephen Ginsberg is a senior at Tufts University and is currently applying to graduate programs in clinical psychology. 相似文献
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166.
Schaber B Hart AP Armbrustmacher V Hirsch CS 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2002,23(1):101-3; author reply 103-5
167.
168.
189 samples from 3 different U.S. sample groups Caucasian (74), African American (71) and Hispanic (44) were typed for 70 autosomal genetic markers. These 70 markers are bi-allelic (C/T) short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For each sample, the 70 SNP markers were typed in 11 unique 6-plexes and a single 4-plex PCR. A total of 10 of the 210 tests (70 loci x 3 populations) for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicated a statistically significant result. In order to evaluate the minimum number of SNP loci needed to distinguish all 189 samples from one another, we ranked the loci according to their levels of observed heterozygosity and p-values obtained upon testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The top 12 loci according to these ranking criteria were tabulated along with the number of unique genotypes observed when combining subsequent SNP markers. The 12 selected SNPs possessed an observed heterozygosity of >0.45 in all three populations examined and thus would be expected to exhibit more differences between samples. All of the 189 samples in this study were individualized with a subset of 12 SNP loci. However, it is likely that the addition of more than 12 SNP loci will be required to resolve larger sets of unrelated individuals from one another. By way of comparison, in these same 189 individuals all but one pair is resolved from one another with three of the traditional short tandem repeat (STR) loci possessing the highest heterozygosity values (D2S1338, D18S51, and FGA) run with the Identifiler kit. The final pair of unrelated samples could be resolved with the combination of 4 STR loci: D2S1338, D18S51, FGA, and VWA. 相似文献
169.
Greenspoon SA Yeung SH Johnson KR Chu WK Rhee HN McGuckian AB Crouse CA Chiesl TN Barron AE Scherer JR Ban JD Mathies RA 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(4):828-837
Miniaturization of capillary electrophoresis onto a microchip for forensic short tandem repeat analysis is the initial step in the process of producing a fully integrated and automated analysis system. A prototype of the Berkeley microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis device was installed at the Virginia Department of Forensic Science for testing. Instrument performance was verified by PowerPlex 16 System profiling of single source, sensitivity series, mixture, and casework samples. Mock sexual assault samples were successfully analyzed using the PowerPlex Y System. Resolution was assessed using the TH01, CSF1PO, TPOX, and Amelogenin loci and demonstrated to be comparable with commercial systems along with the instrument precision. Successful replacement of the Hjerten capillary coating method with a dynamic coating polymer was performed. The accurate and rapid typing of forensic samples demonstrates the successful technology transfer of this device into a practitioner laboratory and its potential for advancing high-throughput forensic typing. 相似文献
170.
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children suspected of child abuse. Penetrating cranio-facial injuries are generally rare in the pediatric age group and are caused by both accidental and inflicted mechanisms. We report an unusual case of a 2-year-old female who was admitted to a pediatric emergency room with an industrial stainless steel coat hanger impaled in her skull. Pertinent clinical forensic medicine examination, coupled with home inspection and interviews by the local law enforcement, revealed a horrible episode of domestic violence. 相似文献